Determination of Synthetic Food Dyes in Food by Capillary Electrophoresis

Abstract

A method for the determination of 12 synthetic food dyes (Amaranth, Erythrosine, Allura Red AC, New Coccine, Phloxine, Rose Bengal, Acid Red, Tartrazine, Sunset Yellow FCF, Fast Green FCF, Brilliant Blue FCF, Indigo Carmine) in food was developed using capillary electrophoresis (CE) with photodiode array detection.The dyes were extracted with water and 0.5 ammonia-ethanol (1 : 1) mixture, and cleaned up using solid-phase extraction (Sep-Pak Plus tC18). The dyes were eluted with methanol from the cartridge. The dyes were separated by CE on a bubble cell fused-silica capillary (72 cm to the detector, 75 mm i.d.) using 20 acetonitrile in a mixture of 10 mmol/L potassium phosphate, monobasic and 5 mmol/L sodium carbonate (pH 10.0) as the running bu#er. Identifications of the dyes were performed on the basis of the migration time and the absorbance spectrum of each peak. The coe$cients of variation of the migration times and the peak areas were 0.28ῌ0.62 and 1.84ῌ 4.30, respectively (n5). The identification limits using the absorbance spectra of the dyes were 10 mg/mL for Brilliant Blue FCF and Fast Green FCF, and 5 mg/mL for the other 10 dyes. The recoveries of the 12 dyes from pickles, soft drinks and candies at the level of 10 mg/g were 70.0ῌ 101.5. The method was applied to the analysis of dyes in foods. The dyes detected by CE were in agreement with those detected by paper chromatography.

Determination of 8 Synthetic Food Dyes by Solid Phase Extraction and Reversed-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography

“…Different sorbents for separating colors from foods have been elaborated by solid-phase extraction (SPE), such as ODS [17,27], quaternary amine [18], and polyamide [15,28]. We can reported at this work, NH 2 -aminopropylmodified silica SPE extracted eight synthetic food dyes.…”

Adsorption treatment and recovery of the hazardous dye, Brilliant Blue FCF, over bottom ash and de-oiled soya

“…Chromatography [10,11], photopyroelectric spectrometry [12], spectroscopy [13], stripping voltammetry [14], electrophoresis [15], etc. have been used and some easy, versatile and economic methods have been developed.…”

Spectrophotometry determination of Congo red in river water samples using nanosilver

“…Among several chemical and physical methods, the spectrophotometric method is one of the effective techniques that have been successfully employed for color monitoring in wastewater. Many analytical methods have been reported for the analysis of lower dye concentrations from aqueous solutions, such as capillary electrophoresis (Ishikawa et al 2004), electrochemical methods (Mo et al 1992;Ferna´ndez-Sa´nchez and Costa-Garcı´a 2000;Kapor et al 2001;Dı´az-Gonza´lez, Ferna´ndez-Sa´nchez, and Costa-Garcı´a 2002), separation methods (Nakamura et al 2003(Nakamura et al , 2005, photometric method (Barka et al 2008), and spectrophotometric method (Roberts, Burguieres, and Warner 1998). However, some of these methods are not suitable for routine monitoring as these methods are timeconsuming, complicated, and poor sensitivity and selectivity.…”