Determination of temperature-dependent optimal oral doses of florfenicol and corresponding withdrawal times in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reared at 25 and 30°C

Pharmacokinetics, optimal dosages and withdrawal time of florfenicol in Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) after oral administration via medicated feed

“…Likewise, the CL/F of FF in Asian seabass (0.102 L/kg/h) was comparable with crucian carp (Yang et al, 2019), Asian swamp eel (Xie et al, 2013) and Japanese eel (Lin et al, 2015), faster than that of Nile tilapia (about 0.04 L/kg/h) (Rairat, Chen, et al, 2022; Rairat, Liu, et al, 2022), but slower than that of European seabass (Kogiannou et al, 2021) and large yellow croaker (Wang et al, 2015) (about 0.2–0.3 L/kg/h). The serum t 1/2K of FF in Asian seabass was 8.07 h, similar to that of channel catfish (Gaunt et al, 2012), crucian carp (Yang et al, 2019) and yellow catfish (Yang et al, 2013) (about 9–10 h), but faster than that of Asian swamp eel (Xie et al, 2013), Japanese eel (Lin et al, 2015) and Nile tilapia (Rairat, Chen, et al, 2022; Rairat, Liu, et al, 2022) (about 13–15 h). Overall, even though PK parameters of FF and other drugs depends on fish species as well as other factors, the current finding suggested that FF behaviour in Asian seabass did not considerably deviate from those found in other fishes.…”

“…Vd/F, CL/F and t 1/2K ) of FF in Asian seabass were generally consistent with those reported from other tropical/temperate fishes reared at 24–25°C. The reported Vd/F of FF ranged from about 0.8 L/kg in Nile tilapia (Rairat, Chen, et al, 2022; Rairat, Liu, et al, 2022) to 2–3 L/kg in crucian carp (Yang et al, 2019), yellow catfish (Yang et al, 2013) and large yellow croaker (Wang et al, 2015); thus, the Vd/F of FF in Asian seabass (1.19 L/kg) was in line with these studies. Likewise, the CL/F of FF in Asian seabass (0.102 L/kg/h) was comparable with crucian carp (Yang et al, 2019), Asian swamp eel (Xie et al, 2013) and Japanese eel (Lin et al, 2015), faster than that of Nile tilapia (about 0.04 L/kg/h) (Rairat, Chen, et al, 2022; Rairat, Liu, et al, 2022), but slower than that of European seabass (Kogiannou et al, 2021) and large yellow croaker (Wang et al, 2015) (about 0.2–0.3 L/kg/h).…”

“…The reported Vd/F of FF ranged from about 0.8 L/kg in Nile tilapia (Rairat, Chen, et al, 2022; Rairat, Liu, et al, 2022) to 2–3 L/kg in crucian carp (Yang et al, 2019), yellow catfish (Yang et al, 2013) and large yellow croaker (Wang et al, 2015); thus, the Vd/F of FF in Asian seabass (1.19 L/kg) was in line with these studies. Likewise, the CL/F of FF in Asian seabass (0.102 L/kg/h) was comparable with crucian carp (Yang et al, 2019), Asian swamp eel (Xie et al, 2013) and Japanese eel (Lin et al, 2015), faster than that of Nile tilapia (about 0.04 L/kg/h) (Rairat, Chen, et al, 2022; Rairat, Liu, et al, 2022), but slower than that of European seabass (Kogiannou et al, 2021) and large yellow croaker (Wang et al, 2015) (about 0.2–0.3 L/kg/h). The serum t 1/2K of FF in Asian seabass was 8.07 h, similar to that of channel catfish (Gaunt et al, 2012), crucian carp (Yang et al, 2019) and yellow catfish (Yang et al, 2013) (about 9–10 h), but faster than that of Asian swamp eel (Xie et al, 2013), Japanese eel (Lin et al, 2015) and Nile tilapia (Rairat, Chen, et al, 2022; Rairat, Liu, et al, 2022) (about 13–15 h).…”

“…The FF and its metabolite FFA in the serum and muscle/skin were analysed by the HPLC‐FLD method following Rairat, Chen, et al (2022) and Rairat, Liu, et al (2022). Briefly, 200 μl serum and 1 g homogenized muscle/skin samples were added with 60 and 300 μl acetonitrile: water (30:70 v/v), respectively, and vortexed.…”

“…Florfenicol (FF) is one of the most widely used antimicrobial drugs in the aquaculture industry worldwide (Le Bouquin et al, 2021; Li et al, 2016; Lillehaug et al, 2018; Luu et al, 2021; Miranda et al, 2018). The PK characteristics and tissue residues of FF were extensively studied in several fish species including pacu ( Piaractus mesopotamicus ) (Marques et al, 2018), orange‐spotted grouper ( Epinephelus coioides ) (Feng et al, 2018), lumpfish ( Cyclopterus lumpus ) (Kverme et al, 2019), crucian carp ( Carassius auratus gibelio ) (Yang et al, 2020), European seabass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ) (Kogiannou et al, 2021) and Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) (Rairat, Chen, et al, 2022; Rairat, Liu, et al, 2022). The general recommended dosage suggested by US FDA is 10–15 mg/kg/day for 10 days with a WDT of 15 days (US FDA, 2022).…”