Determination of the cyanobacterial neurotoxin, anatoxin-a, by derivatisation using 7-fluoro-4-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD-F) and HPLC analysis with fluorimetric detection

James, Kevin J.; Sherlock, Ian R.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0801(199601)10:1<46::aid-bmc551>3.0.co;2-7

Cited by 26 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Anatoxin-a was determined by HPLC after derivatization with 7-fluoro-4-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD-F) (James & Sherlock, 1996). The PSP toxins (saxitoxin, neosaxitoxin, and gonyautoxins 1-4) were measured by HPLC with fluorescent detection using the electrochemical oxidation system (Boyer & Goddard, 1999) to form fluorescent derivatives.…”

Section: Toxicity Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and toxicity of a new colonial Microcystis aeruginosa bloom in the San Francisco Bay Estuary, California

Lehman¹,

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The first distribution, biomass and toxicity study of a newly established bloom of the colonial cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa was conducted on October 15, 2003 in the upper San Francisco Bay Estuary. Microcystis aeruginosa was widely distributed throughout 180 km of waterways in the upper San Francisco Bay Estuary from freshwater to brackish water environments and contained hepatotoxic microcystins at all stations. Other cyanobacteria toxins were absent or only present in trace amounts. The composition of the microcystins among stations was similar and dominated by demethyl microcystin-LR followed by microcystin-LR. In situ toxicity computed for the >75 lm cell diameter size fraction was well below the 1 lg l )1 advisory level set by the World Health Organization for water quality, but the toxicity of the full population is unknown. The toxicity may have been greater earlier in the year when biomass was visibly higher. Toxicity was highest at low water temperature, water transparency and salinity. Microcystins from the bloom entered the food web and were present in both total zooplankton and clam tissue. Initial laboratory feeding tests suggested the cyanobacteria was not consumed by the adult copepod Eurytemora affinis, an important fishery food source in the estuary.

show abstract

Section: Toxicity Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and toxicity of a new colonial Microcystis aeruginosa bloom in the San Francisco Bay Estuary, California

Lehman¹,

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The early methods developed based on ATX-a determination mainly employed high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with absorbance detection techniques such as ultraviolet–visible (UV-vis) or fluorescence spectroscopy, providing both qualitative and quantitative data in ATX-a analyses. However, most of these methods contained little detailed data on the validation parameters [ 30 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 ]. Due to the presence of an α, β-unsaturated ketone, ATX-a has maximum UV absorption at 227 nm, allowing for its discrimination from phenylalanine (257 nm), a compound that frequently produces interferences with ATX-a [ 92 ].…”

Section: Analytical Methods For Atx-a Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other authors, to increase ATX-a selectivity and LODs, developed different methods using derivatization and fluorescence detection (FLD) [ 22 , 36 , 39 , 42 , 90 , 94 , 95 ]. The method developed by James and Sherlock [ 37 ] allowed for the detection of ATX-a in fresh water in Ireland and was used to relate this cyanotoxin to cases of neurotoxicosis in dogs [ 96 ].…”

Section: Analytical Methods For Atx-a Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Methods for Anatoxin-a Determination: A Review

Plata-Calzado,

Prieto,

Cameán

et al. 2024

Toxins

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Anatoxin-a (ATX-a) is a potent neurotoxin produced by several species of cyanobacteria whose exposure can have direct consequences, including neurological disorders and death. The increasing prevalence of harmful cyanobacterial blooms makes the detection and reliable assessment of ATX-a levels essential to prevent the risk associated with public health. Therefore, the aim of this review is to compile the analytical methods developed to date for the detection and quantification of ATX-a levels alone and in mixtures with other cyanotoxins and their suitability. A classification of the analytical methods available is fundamental to make an appropriate choice according to the type of sample, the equipment available, and the required sensitivity and specificity for each specific purpose. The most widely used detection technique for the quantification of this toxin is liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The analytical methods reviewed herein focus mainly on water and cyanobacterial samples, so the need for validated analytical methods in more complex matrices (vegetables and fish) for the determination of ATX-a to assess dietary exposure to this toxin is evidenced. There is currently a trend towards the validation of multitoxin methods as opposed to single-ATX-a determination methods, which corresponds to the real situation of cyanotoxins’ confluence in nature.

show abstract

“…High-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) is a U.S. EPA approved analytical method for detection of a wide range of algal toxins, including microcystins, nodularins, and cylindrospermopsin, which are in common use with a low detection limit of 0.1–1 μg/L. In contrast, the analysis of saxitoxins, anatoxin-a, and anatoxin-a(s) , often require nonstandard analytical techniques, such as capillary electrophoresis or chemical derivatization in combination with chromatographic techniques. Overall, well-established laboratory techniques, while being competent, often require complex instrumentation and procedures, highly trained technicians, long turn-around time, high processing cost, and sample pretreatment, and are only practical in the laboratory, not in situ.…”

Section: Current Status Of Developing Hab Toxin Monitoring Technique ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Biosensing of Algal Toxins in Water: The Current State-of-the-Art

Zhang

Dixon²,

Saint

et al. 2018

ACS Sens.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Due to increasing stringency of water legislation and extreme consequences that failure to detect some contaminants in water can involve, there has been a strong interest in developing electrochemical biosensors for algal toxin detection during the past decade, evidenced by literature increasing from 2 journal papers pre-2009 to 24 between 2009 and 2018. In this context, this review has summarized recent progress of successful algal toxin detection in water using electrochemical biosensing techniques. Satisfactory detection recoveries using real environmental water samples and good sensor repeatability and reproducibility have been achieved, along with some excellent limit-of-detection (LOD) reported. Recent electrochemical biosensor literature in algal toxin detection is compared and discussed to cover three major design components: (1) biorecognition elements, (2) electrochemical read-out techniques, and (3) sensor electrodes and signal amplification strategy. The recent development of electrochemical biosensors has provided one more step further toward quick in situ detection of algal toxins in the contamination point of the water source. In the end, we have also critically reviewed the current challenges and research opportunities regarding electrochemical biosensors for algal toxin detection that need to be addressed before they attain commercial viability.

show abstract

Determination of the cyanobacterial neurotoxin, anatoxin-a, by derivatisation using 7-fluoro-4-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD-F) and HPLC analysis with fluorimetric detection

Cited by 26 publications

References 11 publications

Distribution and toxicity of a new colonial Microcystis aeruginosa bloom in the San Francisco Bay Estuary, California

Distribution and toxicity of a new colonial Microcystis aeruginosa bloom in the San Francisco Bay Estuary, California

Analytical Methods for Anatoxin-a Determination: A Review

Electrochemical Biosensing of Algal Toxins in Water: The Current State-of-the-Art

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About