Electrochemical Biosensing of Algal Toxins in Water: The Current State-of-the-Art

Zhang, Wei; Dixon, Mike B.; Saint, Christopher P.; Teng, Kar Seng; Furumai, Hiroaki

doi:10.1021/acssensors.8b00359

Cited by 44 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…In particular, decentralized electrochemical biosensors offer a great possibility towards the on-field application for natural toxins detection such as cyanotoxins. The interest in developing electrochemical biosensors for algal toxin detection during the last decade has increased, as specifically highlighted by comprehensive reviews that have been reported in the recent 4–5 years [ 70 , 71 , 72 ].…”

Section: Discussion and Future Outlooksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Biosensors for Tracing Cyanotoxins in Food and Environmental Matrices

2021

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The adoption of electrochemical principles to realize on-field analytical tools for detecting pollutants represents a great possibility for food safety and environmental applications. With respect to the existing transduction mechanisms, i.e., colorimetric, fluorescence, piezoelectric etc., electrochemical mechanisms offer the tremendous advantage of being easily miniaturized, connected with low cost (commercially available) readers and unaffected by the color/turbidity of real matrices. In particular, their versatility represents a powerful approach for detecting traces of emerging pollutants such as cyanotoxins. The combination of electrochemical platforms with nanomaterials, synthetic receptors and microfabrication makes electroanalysis a strong starting point towards decentralized monitoring of toxins in diverse matrices. This review gives an overview of the electrochemical biosensors that have been developed to detect four common cyanotoxins, namely microcystin-LR, anatoxin-a, saxitoxin and cylindrospermopsin. The manuscript provides the readers a quick guide to understand the main electrochemical platforms that have been realized so far, and the presence of a comprehensive table provides a perspective at a glance.

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Section: Discussion and Future Outlooksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Biosensors for Tracing Cyanotoxins in Food and Environmental Matrices

2021

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“…The modified electrode was able to detect Cd(II) in the presence of other metal cations, and therefore further studies to try to better understand the behavior of the composite in the presence of these metals are being carried out, which is very important for future applications. This composite material can be potentially applied for electrochemical detection of other water contaminants, such as disinfection by-products [ 53 ] and algal toxins [ 54 , 55 , 56 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Bamboo-like Multiwall Carbon Nanotube–Poly(Acrylic Acid-co-Itaconic Acid)/NaOH Composite Hydrogel and its Potential Application for Electrochemical Detection of Cadmium(II)

et al. 2020

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A poly(acrylic acid-co-itaconic acid) (PAA-co-IA)/NaOH hydrogel containing bamboo-type multiwall carbon nanotubes (B-MWCNTs) doped with nitrogen (PAA-co-IA/NaOH/B-MWCNTs) was synthesized and characterized by SEM, absorption of water, point of zero charges, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. The possible use of the PAA-co-IA/NaOH/B-MWCNT hydrogel as an electrode modifier and pre-concentrator agent for Cd(II) sensing purposes was then evaluated using carbon paste electrodes via differential pulse voltammetry. The presence of the B-MWCNTs in the hydrogel matrix decreased its degree of swelling, stabilized the structure of the swollen gel, and favored the detection of 3 ppb Cd(II), which is comparable to the World Health Organization’s allowable maximum value in drinking water. A calibration curve was obtained in the concentration range of 2.67 × 10−8 to 6.23 × 10−7 M (i.e., 3 and 70 ppb) to determine a limit of detection (LOD) of 19.24 μgL−1 and a sensitivity of 0.15 μC ppb−1. Also, the Zn(II), Hg(II), Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions interfered moderately on the determination of Cd(II).

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“…Different species of cyanobacteria or dinoflagellates are capable of producing a number of toxins and often cause episodes of harmful algal blooms (HABs) in fresh or marine water bodies from eutrophication occurrence arising from human activities [110][111][112][113]. These anthropogenic activities usually include agricultural and urban waste, industrial manufacture, and global warming [114,115].…”

Section: Toxins/mycotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroanalytical Overview: Electrochemical Sensing Platforms for Food and Drink Safety

2021

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Robust, reliable, and affordable analytical techniques are essential for screening and monitoring food and water safety from contaminants, pathogens, and allergens that might be harmful upon consumption. Recent advances in decentralised, miniaturised, and rapid tests for health and environmental monitoring can provide an alternative solution to the classic laboratory-based analytical techniques currently utilised. Electrochemical biosensors offer a promising option as portable sensing platforms to expedite the transition from laboratory benchtop to on-site analysis. A plethora of electroanalytical sensor platforms have been produced for the detection of small molecules, proteins, and microorganisms vital to ensuring food and drink safety. These utilise various recognition systems, from direct electrochemical redox processes to biological recognition elements such as antibodies, enzymes, and aptamers; however, further exploration needs to be carried out, with many systems requiring validation against standard benchtop laboratory-based techniques to offer increased confidence in the sensing platforms. This short review demonstrates that electroanalytical biosensors already offer a sensitive, fast, and low-cost sensor platform for food and drink safety monitoring. With continued research into the development of these sensors, increased confidence in the safety of food and drink products for manufacturers, policy makers, and end users will result.

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Electrochemical Biosensing of Algal Toxins in Water: The Current State-of-the-Art

Cited by 44 publications

References 113 publications

Electrochemical Biosensors for Tracing Cyanotoxins in Food and Environmental Matrices

Electrochemical Biosensors for Tracing Cyanotoxins in Food and Environmental Matrices

Synthesis of Bamboo-like Multiwall Carbon Nanotube–Poly(Acrylic Acid-co-Itaconic Acid)/NaOH Composite Hydrogel and its Potential Application for Electrochemical Detection of Cadmium(II)

Electroanalytical Overview: Electrochemical Sensing Platforms for Food and Drink Safety

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