Determination of the Stages of the Sexual Cycle of the Bitch by Direct Examination

Efficiency of vaginal electrical impedance to determine the stage of the reproductive cycle in bitches

“…The most important signs for the determination of the phase of the cycle are discharge and edema and they were correlated with VEI (P < 0.05). The level of luteinizing hormone peaks when the edema starts to resolve, which means the oocyte will be ready to enter the genital canal 4-5 days later (2). Furthermore, results indicated that the best time for mating is 1-2 days after the highest VEI value is recorded, which is in agreement with the specifications of the manufacturer.…”

“…Determination of phases of the estrous cycle was completed according the method of Aydın et al (2), using a light microscope (NIKON ® eclipse 80i) at ×10 and ×40 magnification. The smears were investigated for cell morphology, cell group percentage and acidophilic index (AcI) (2). In this study the authors created 3 different groups based on the vaginal cytological state; namely group I (ready to be inseminated), group II (not ready to be inseminated) and Group III (doubtful).…”

Application of exfoliative vaginal cytology in clinical canine reproduction – a review

“…These smears could be stored for years and examined later (Johnston et al, 2001;Chatdarong et al, 2002). Aydin et al (2011) have examined vaginal smears by a direct technique comparing it with classical staining to determine the stages of the sexual cycle of the bitch and found it reliable only in detecting the estrus stage.…”

“…Collection of vaginal cells may be done using only a cotton swab, without a speculum (Feldman & Nelson, 1996;Bowen, 2000;Johnston et al, 2001;Kustritz, 2006;Aydin et al, 2011). The cottontipped end of the swab is passed into the dorsal commissure of the vulva, pressed gently in the caudodorsal direction until it passes over the ischial arch and then the swab is rotated through a complete revolution in each direction and withdrawn (Aydin et al, 2011).…”

“…The cottontipped end of the swab is passed into the dorsal commissure of the vulva, pressed gently in the caudodorsal direction until it passes over the ischial arch and then the swab is rotated through a complete revolution in each direction and withdrawn (Aydin et al, 2011). The cotton tip is lightly rolled from one end of a glass microscope slide to the other (Feldman & Nelson, 1996;Johnston et al, 2001;Kustritz, 2006).…”