Determination of Trace Metals in Petroleum

Gamble, Leon W.; Jones, W. Jeremy

doi:10.1021/ac60105a028

Cited by 35 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The present work indicates that the lightest natural vanadyl porphyrins in this crude have molecular weights not too far below 543-the molecular weight of the vanadyl etioporphyrin. The vanadyl porphyrins appear at much lower temperatures in vacuum gas oil due to their partial pressures (7).…”

Section: Distillation Of Synthetic Vanadyl and Nickel Porphyrinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Nature of Vanadium in Petroleum. Extraction and Volatility Studies

Beach¹,

Shewmaker²

1957

Ind. Eng. Chem.

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The Nature of Vanadium in Petroleum Additional data presented here will help minimize vanadium's harmful effect on corrosion and catalyst loss Extraction Studies '\/ anadium, although found in low concentration in certain crude oils, contributes greatly to carbon and hydrogen formation during catalytic cracking of high-boiling distillate streams and to increased furnace corrosion when residual fuel from these oils is burned. As the combined catalyst and corrosion losses amount to millions of dollars each year, considerable effort has been made 1 157 * 100.8 g. castor oil containing 0.9 mg. Ni mesoporphyrin diester and 4.0 mg. vanadyl mesoporphyrin diester in which absorbance X 6.2 = p.p.m. V. Dilution factor included.

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Section: Distillation Of Synthetic Vanadyl and Nickel Porphyrinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The earliest vanadium analyses were by emission spectroscopy upon dry-ashed samples. The present correlation, however, is based upon spectroscopic analyses or colorimetric measurements of the vanadium as the phosphotungstovanadic acid complex upon extract samples prepared by the wetor sulfate-ashing technique (7,77).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Nature of Vanadium in Petroleum. Extraction and Volatility Studies

Beach¹,

Shewmaker²

1957

Ind. Eng. Chem.

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“…Nickel and Vanadium. Two-gram samples were coked and ashed by the method of Gamble and Jones (1955). The ash was dissolved in HC1, and nickel and vanadium were determined by atomic absorption.…”

Section: Oil Spill Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The usual approach to identifying the source of a spill is a systematic analysis of the physical and chemical parameters of the polluting oil and comparing the data for these parameters to those from suspected sources. These time-consuming methods require infrared absorption techniques (Kawahara, 1969), metal analyses (Gamble and Jones, 1955), percent sulfur (ASTM, 1962), and others. By using the intensity at chosen wave numbers of the fluorescence emission spectrum of an oil, a new, rapid method has been developed for the comparative identification of crude and semirefined oils.…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of crude and residual-type oils by fluorescence spectroscopy

Thruston¹,

Knight²

1971

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The ability to pinpoint the source of an oil spill on water is vital to the enforcement of water pollution control procedures and to the reduction in frequency of spills. The usual approach to identifying the source of a spill is the analysis of numerous parameters that can be used to compare samples of oil from the spill to those from suspected sources. A method was developed to determine fluorescence intensities and wave number ratios for comparing various crude and residual-type oils. The method was applied to samples from an actual oil spill and confirmed results of infrared and metals analyses.

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“…Liquid samples can be mineralized by ashing before dissolution. , Ultrasonication methods have been used to pretreat samples for spectrophotometric trace metal determination. These methods are proposed to facilitate an accelerated dissolution of metals in solution; − however, some authors argued the poor extraction efficiency as one of the major drawbacks of this approach .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissolution Methods for the Quantification of Metals in Oil Sands Bitumen

Chauhan

Klerk

2020

Energy Fuels

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Seven different dissolution methods proposed in the literature to prepare oil samples for metal analysis by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) were evaluated for V, Ni, Fe, and Ca analysis of bitumen. The dissolution methods evaluated were direct dilution, dry ashing, sulfated ashing, ultrasound assisted extraction, extraction induced emulsion breaking, detergentless microemulsification, and acid decomposition in closed vessels. The types of bitumen samples evaluated were raw bitumen, bitumen with emulsified water, and diluted bitumen. Only direct dilution and sulfated ashing could be recommended for the dissolution of all types of bitumen samples to quantify V and Ni content. Of these two methods, only sulfated ashing resulted in samples with good storage stability. Typical values for these elements in raw Athabasca bitumen were 224–226 (±14) μg V/g and 94 (±4) μg Ni/g. No firm recommendation about the most appropriate dissolution methods for analysis of Fe and Ca in bitumen could be made, and the values were typically around 10 μg/g or less for both Fe and Ca. When bitumen was stored as diluted bitumen in a toluene solution, it was found that 40–50% of the V-containing species separated from the bulk solution during a 28 day storage period. Over the same storage period <20% of the Ni-containing species separated from the bulk solution. These observations are relevant to bitumen upgrading, and some implications for metal removal from bitumen were discussed.

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Determination of Trace Metals in Petroleum

Cited by 35 publications

References 13 publications

The Nature of Vanadium in Petroleum. Extraction and Volatility Studies

The Nature of Vanadium in Petroleum. Extraction and Volatility Studies

Characterization of crude and residual-type oils by fluorescence spectroscopy

Dissolution Methods for the Quantification of Metals in Oil Sands Bitumen

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