Determining refractive index of single living cell using an integrated microchip

Liang, Xiaoping; Liu, A.Q.; Lim, Chu Sing; Ayi, T. C.; Yap, P. H.

doi:10.1016/j.sna.2006.06.045

Cited by 201 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…[30,31] The chloroplast stroma (the internal fluid of the chloroplast) has a refractive index of 1.42, [25,32] (stacks of photosynthetic membranes surrounded by the stroma) has higher pigment and protein contents, indicating that it likely has an even higher refractive index (n > 1.5). [28,29] These data suggest that chloroplasts likely also cause optical disturbances in imaging of live plant cells. Here, to apply AO to the observation of plant cells, we analyzed the optical properties of plant cells, using the leaves of the model moss Physcomitrella patens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…[19,23,24] These lens effects appear to be caused by the plant cell wall; the cell wall has a refractive index of 1.41 À 1.52 in flowering plants, [20,[25][26][27] a value higher than the refractive indices of medium (n ¼ 1.33) and cytosol (n ¼ 1.35 À 1.39, estimated from that in animal cells). [28,29] These results indicate that the cell wall is expected to cause degradation in the images of living plant cells. In addition, chloroplasts refract and scatter light.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Optical Property Analyses of Plant Cells for Adaptive Optics Microscopy

Tamada

Murata

Hattori

et al. 2014

International Journal of Optomechatronics

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In astronomy, adaptive optics (AO) can be used to cancel aberrations caused by atmospheric turbulence and to perform diffraction-limited observation of astronomical objects from the ground. AO can also be applied to microscopy, to cancel aberrations caused by cellular structures and to perform high-resolution live imaging. As a step toward the application of AO to microscopy, here we analyzed the optical properties of plant cells. We used leaves of the moss Physcomitrella patens, which have a single layer of cells and are thus suitable for optical analysis. Observation of the cells with bright field and phase contrast microscopy, and image degradation analysis using fluorescent beads demonstrated that chloroplasts provide the main source of optical degradations. Unexpectedly, the cell wall, which was thought to be a major obstacle, has only a minor effect. Such information provides the basis for the application of AO to microscopy for the observation of plant cells.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Optical Property Analyses of Plant Cells for Adaptive Optics Microscopy

Tamada

Murata

Hattori

et al. 2014

International Journal of Optomechatronics

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“…As one of the most popular commercial refractometers, Abbé refractometer could reach 10 −4 RIU by using the total internal reflection phenomenon. The wave optics based methods exploit the wave nature of light and mainly measure the RI by diffraction, 6 forward/backward scattering 7,8 and interference ͑e.g., Fabry-Pérot, [9][10][11] Mach-Zehnder, 12,13 double slits, 14 Michelson, 15 low coherence, 16 and fiber Bragg gratings 17,18 ͒. These methods improve the sensitivity to 10 −4 -10 −6 RIU since the wavelength acts naturally as the absolute reference of length.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optofluidic refractometer using resonant optical tunneling effect

et al. 2010

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This paper presents the design and analysis of a liquid refractive index sensor that utilizes a unique physical mechanism of resonant optical tunneling effect ͑ROTE͒. The sensor consists of two hemicylindrical prisms, two air gaps, and a microfluidic channel. All parts can be microfabricated using an optical resin NOA81. Theoretical study shows that this ROTE sensor has extremely sharp transmission peak and achieves a sensitivity of 760 nm/refractive index unit ͑RIU͒ and a detectivity of 85 000 RIU −1 . Although the sensitivity is smaller than that of a typical surface plasmon resonance ͑SPR͒ sensor ͑3200 nm/RIU͒ and is comparable to a 95% reflectivity Fabry-Pérot ͑FP͒ etalon ͑440 nm/RIU͒, the detectivity is 17 000 times larger than that of the SPR sensor and 85 times larger than that of the FP etalon. Such ROTE sensor could potentially achieve an ultrahigh sensitivity of 10 −9 RIU, two orders higher than the best results of current methods.

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“…The 1 nm resolution in specifying the stopband center wavelength indicates a minimum detectable shift of 1.4 × 10 −3 RIU is available for sensing applications. This detection limit is suitable for observing cancerous cell (1.392-1.401 RIU) [42] and hazardous organic (1.35-1.38 RIU) [43] solutions among other refractive index detection applications. Further, optical Bragg filters may be introduced into the probing waveguide to calibrate for temperature and other noise factors as considered in [4] and thereby ensure that the photonic crystal stopbands offer sufficient precision for sensing.…”

Section: Photonic Crystal Sensor Designmentioning

confidence: 97%

Laser-written photonic crystal optofluidics for electrochromatography and spectroscopy on a chip

Haque

Zacharia

et al. 2013

Biomed. Opt. Express

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Femtosecond laser processes were optimized for nonlinear interactions with various optical materials to develop a novel biophotonic lab-on-a-chip device that integrates laser-formed waveguides (WGs), microfluidic channels and photonic crystals (PCs). Such integration seeks the unique demonstration of dual PC functionalities: (1) efficient chromatographic separation and filtration of analytes through a porous PC embedded inside a microfluidic channel and (2) optofluidic spectroscopy through embedded WGs that probe PC stopband shifts as varying analyte concentrations flow and separate. The building blocks together with their integration were demonstrated, providing embedded porous PCs through which electrochromatography drove an accelerated mobile phase of analyte and an optical stopband was probed via integrated buried WGs. Together, these laboratory results underpin the promise of simultaneous chromatographic and spectroscopic capabilities in a single PC optofluidic device. ©2013 Optical Society of America References and links1. D. Psaltis, S. R. Quake, and C. Yang, "Developing optofluidic technology through the fusion of microfluidics and optics," Nature 442(7101), 381-386 (2006). 2. C. Monat, P. Domachuk, and B. J. Eggleton, "Integrated optofluidics: A new river of light," Nat. Photonics 1(2), 106-114 (2007). 3. P. S. Nunes, N. A. Mortensen, J. P. Kutter, and K. B. Mogensen, "Photonic crystal resonator integrated in a microfluidic system," Opt. Lett. 33(14), 1623-1625 (2008). 4. V. Maselli, J. R. Grenier, S. Ho, and P. R. Herman, "Femtosecond laser written optofluidic sensor: Bragg grating waveguide evanescent probing of microfluidic channel," Opt. Express 17(14), 11719-11729 (2009 1729-1731 (1996). 17. R. Osellame, H. J. W. M. Hoekstra, G. Cerullo, and M. Pollnau, "Femtosecond laser microstructuring: an enabling tool for optofluidic lab-on-chips," Laser Photon. Rev. 5(3), 442-463 (2011). 18. J. Bhawalkar, G. He, and P. Prasad, "Nonlinear multiphoton processes in organic and polymeric materials," Rep.Prog. Phys. 59(9), 1041-1070 (1996).

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Determining refractive index of single living cell using an integrated microchip

Cited by 201 publications

References 17 publications

Optical Property Analyses of Plant Cells for Adaptive Optics Microscopy

Optical Property Analyses of Plant Cells for Adaptive Optics Microscopy

Optofluidic refractometer using resonant optical tunneling effect

Laser-written photonic crystal optofluidics for electrochromatography and spectroscopy on a chip

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