Determining the lead-sulfur species formed on smithsonite surfaces during lead-ion enhanced sulfidation processing

Luo, Bin; Liu, Quanjun; Deng, Jiushuai; Li, Shimei; Li, Yu; Lai, Hao

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.144628

Cited by 29 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…After sulfidization, amines and xanthates can be used for the flotation of the zinc oxide minerals. However, further activation using metal ions such as Cu 2+ and Pb 2+ is required when xanthate is used as a collector [7][8][9]. In general, sulfidization amine flotation can achieve better performance, resulting in its wide use in industrial production [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Understanding of the Sulfidization Mechanism in Amine Flotation of Smithsonite: An XPS, AFM and UV–Vis DRS Study

Liu

Pei

Liu³

et al. 2020

Minerals

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Sulfidization is required in the amine flotation of smithsonite; however, the sulfidization mechanism of smithsonite is still not fully understood. In this work, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–vis DRS) were used to characterize sulfidized and unsulfidized smithsonite. The XPS and UV–vis DRS analyses showed that smithsonite sulfidization is a transformation of ZnCO3 to ZnS on the smithsonite surfaces. However, this transformation is localized, resulting in the coexistence of ZnCO3 and ZnS or in the formation of ZnS island structures on the sulfidized smithsonite surfaces. AFM height imaging showed that sulfidization can substantially change the surface morphology of smithsonite; in addition, AFM phase imaging demonstrated that sulfidization occurs locally on the smithsonite surfaces. Based on our findings, it can be concluded that smithsonite sulfidization is clearly a heterogeneous solid–liquid reaction in which the solid product attaches at the surfaces of unreacted smithsonite. Smithsonite sulfidization involves heterogeneous nucleation and growth of ZnS nuclei. Moreover, the ZnS might nucleate and grow preferentially in the regions with high reactivity, which might account for the formation of ZnS island structures. In addition, sphalerite-structured ZnS is more likely to be the sulfidization product of smithsonite under flotation-relevantconditions, as also demonstrated by the results of our UV–vis DRS analyses. The results of this study can provide deeper insights into the sulfidization mechanism of smithsonite.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Understanding of the Sulfidization Mechanism in Amine Flotation of Smithsonite: An XPS, AFM and UV–Vis DRS Study

Liu

Pei

Liu³

et al. 2020

Minerals

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“…3a and b). 43 Characteristic peaks of PbS-S at 40–140 cm −1 and PbCO 3 at 1057 cm −1 decreased or disappeared in Raman spectra (Fig. 3d).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Quantitatively differentiating foliar adhesion and absorption of different lead-based particles on Solanum melongena L.

Zhao,

Zhang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci.: Nano

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“…The high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) of Si 2p, Zr 3d, and S 2p also confirm the existence of the above elements in the low-purity PbI 2 powder (Figure g–i), which are consistent with Si, SiO 2 , ZrO 2 , PbS 2 , and PbSO 3 (Table S3). − Two valences of Si peaks were detected. One group located at 101.39 and 101.92 eV, corresponding to Si 2p 3/2 and Si 2p 1/2 , is consistent with SiO 2 , whereas the other group with peaks at 99.86 and 100.59 eV is consistent with elemental Si .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Cost Fabrication of Efficient Perovskite Photovoltaics Using Low-Purity Lead Iodide via Powder Engineering

Jiang

Luan

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Low cost is the eternal theme for any commercial production. Numerous efforts have been explored to realize low-cost, high-efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs), such as replacing the traditional spin-coating method with an economical printing strategy, simplifying the device structure, reducing the number of functional layers, etc. However, there are few reports on the use of low-cost precursors. Herein, we enable the low-cost fabrication of efficient PSCs based on a very cheaper low-purity PbI2 via powder engineering. The low-purity PbI2 is blended with formamidinium iodide followed by dissolving in a 2-methoxyethanol solvent, and then, the high-quality FAPbI3 powders are formed via an inverse temperature crystallization process and solvent washing after several simple processes to reduce the impurities. As a result, the devices fabricated using the as-synthesized black powders based on the low-purity PbI2 exhibit a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.9% and retained ∼95% of the initial PCE after ∼400 h of storage in the conditions of 25 ± 5 °C and 25 ± 5 RH% without encapsulation. In addition, the upscaling fabrication of a 5 cm × 5 cm solar minimodule also demonstrates an impressive efficiency of 19.5%. Our findings demonstrate an economic strategy for the commercialization of PSCs from the perspective of low-cost production.

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Determining the lead-sulfur species formed on smithsonite surfaces during lead-ion enhanced sulfidation processing

Cited by 29 publications

References 47 publications

Improved Understanding of the Sulfidization Mechanism in Amine Flotation of Smithsonite: An XPS, AFM and UV–Vis DRS Study

Improved Understanding of the Sulfidization Mechanism in Amine Flotation of Smithsonite: An XPS, AFM and UV–Vis DRS Study

Quantitatively differentiating foliar adhesion and absorption of different lead-based particles on Solanum melongena L.

Low-Cost Fabrication of Efficient Perovskite Photovoltaics Using Low-Purity Lead Iodide via Powder Engineering

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