Determining the nutritional value and antioxidant capacity of duckweed (Wolffia arrhiza) under artificial conditions

Hu, Zhubin; Fang, Yang; Yi, Zhuolin; Tian, Xueping; Li, Jinmeng; Jin, Yanling; He, Kai; Liu, Penghui; Du, Anping; Huang, Yuhong; Zhao, Hai

doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112477

Cited by 27 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Duckweed, rich in protein content (20–40% dry weight) and essential amino acids, was used for animal feed [ 12 ]. Meanwhile, duckweed is an aquatic plant with rapid growth and small size that has been studied by researchers to produce numerous recombinant proteins.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Duckweed is the smallest and fastest-growing angiosperm on Earth [ 6 ]. These features make duckweed a well-known model for studying plant biology [ 7 ], for example, nucleic acid and protein turnover [ 8 , 9 ], biosynthesis of auxin [ 10 ], and photoperiodic control of flowering [ 11 ].Researchers have discovered new advantages of duckweed, such as being suitable for exogenous protein expression and able to achieve high protein content under specific cultivation conditions [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. These advantages, coupled with its fast accumulation rate (biomass doubles under 2 days), make duckweed attractive for the production of valuable therapeutic proteins, such as monoclonal antibodies [ 16 ], vaccines [ 17 , 18 , 19 ], and interferons [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid and Highly Efficient Genetic Transformation and Application of Interleukin-17B Expressed in Duckweed as Mucosal Vaccine Adjuvant

et al. 2022

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Molecular farming utilizes plants as a platform for producing recombinant biopharmaceuticals. Duckweed, the smallest and fastest growing aquatic plant, is a promising candidate for molecular farming. However, the efficiency of current transformation methods is generally not high in duckweed. Here, we developed a fast and efficient transformation procedure in Lemna minor ZH0403, requiring 7–8 weeks from screening calluses to transgenic plants with a stable transformation efficiency of 88% at the DNA level and 86% at the protein level. We then used this transformation system to produce chicken interleukin-17B (chIL-17B). The plant-produced chIL-17B activated the NF-κB pathway, JAK-STAT pathway, and their downstream cytokines in DF-1 cells. Furthermore, we administrated chIL-17B transgenic duckweed orally as an immunoadjuvant with mucosal vaccine against infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in chickens. Both IBV-specific antibody titer and the concentration of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) were significantly higher in the group fed with chIL-17B transgenic plant. This indicates that the duckweed-produced chIL-17B enhanced the humoral and mucosal immune responses. Moreover, chickens fed with chIL-17B transgenic plant demonstrated the lowest viral loads in different tissues among all groups. Our work suggests that cytokines are a promising adjuvant for mucosal vaccination through the oral route. Our work also demonstrates the potential of duckweed in molecular farming.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid and Highly Efficient Genetic Transformation and Application of Interleukin-17B Expressed in Duckweed as Mucosal Vaccine Adjuvant

et al. 2022

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“…The Vitamin E content was the highest under the combination of 2 mg/L SMZ and Cu 2+ . Vitamin E could diametrically restore ROS and participate in the clearing of ROS as a substrate for the enzyme [ 41 ]. Vitamin E was very important to the growth of plants and helped to provide the most suitable response to a variety of environmental stresses.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Sulfamethazine and Cupric Ion on Treatment of Anaerobically Digested Swine Wastewater with Growing Duckweed

Yang

2022

IJERPH

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Duckweed (Spirodela polyrrhiza) has the potential to treat anaerobically digested swine wastewater (ADSW), but the effects of antibiotics and heavy metals in ADSW on the treatment performance and mechanism of Spirodela polyrrhiza are not clear. Herein, an experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of sulfamethazine (SMZ) and cupric ion on NH4+-N and total phosphorus (TP) removal from synthetic ADSW. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the contents of photosynthetic pigments, vitamin E, and proteins in duckweed were also evaluated. Under the stress of SMZ, duckweed showed excellent removal efficiency of nutrients, and the results of SOD activity and photosynthetic pigments content indicated that duckweed had good tolerance to SMZ. Interestingly, a combined application of SMZ and cupric ion would inhibit the nutrient removal by duckweed, but significantly increased the contents of photosynthetic pigments, proteins, and vitamin E. In addition, the consequence indicated that high value-added protein and vitamin E products could be produced and harvested by cultivating duckweed in ADSW. Furthermore, possible degradation pathways of SMZ in the duckweed system were proposed based on the analysis with LC-MS/MS. This research proposed a novel view for using duckweed system to remove nutrients from ADSW and produce value-added products under the stress of SMZ and cupric ion.

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“…The antioxidant capacity was determined according to the free radical scavenging capacity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) with slight modifications, and 2,2 -azinobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) [30][31][32]. Luffa extract was prepared by heating 2 g of luffa in 200 mL deionized water at 80 • C for 5 min.…”

Section: Measurement Of Antioxidant Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After removing 1%OsO 4 , the tissues were rinsed in 0.1 M PB (pH 7.4) 3 times, for 15 min each time. The slices were dehydrated using a graded ethanol series (30,50,70,80,90, 100, and 100%, 7 min each) into pure acetone (2 × 10 min), then were infiltrated in graded mixtures (3:1, 1:1, and 1:3) of acetone and soaked in glyceryl aliphatic epoxy resin. Finally, the slices were embedded in pure resin with 1.5%N, N-dimethylbenzylamine and polymerized for 12 h at 45 • C and for 48 h at 60 • C. The ultrathin sections (70 nm thick) were sectioned on the ultramicrotome (Leica UC7) and placed on the 150 meshes cuprum grids with formvar film.…”

Section: Determination Of Mda H 2 O 2 and Total Phenol Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of CaCl2 Treatment on Enzymatic Browning of Fresh-Cut Luffa (Luffa cylindrica)

Feng¹,

Cao

Wang³

et al. 2022

Horticulturae

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Enzymatic browning is a major issue that reduces the commercial value of Luffa cylindrica during storage, processing, and transportation. Our results showed that 1% CaCl2 treatment was optimal for reducing the surface browning of fresh-cut luffa. After storage at 25 °C for four days, the treated luffa had a significantly higher total phenolic (TP) content than the untreated luffa. At the end of the storage period, the calcium treatment showed low malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation in the luffa. The treated luffa maintained higher superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activities and lower polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity as compared to the untreated luffa. Furthermore, the genes regulating SOD (e.g., SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3), CAT (e.g., LcCAT1 and CAT2), and PAL (e.g., PAL1 and PAL2) in calcium-treated luffa were upregulated to varying degrees, suggesting that Ca2+ inhibited the browning of fresh-cut tissue by regulating the activities of those enzymes. Ultrastructure images showed that the treated luffa could maintain the relative integrity of the cell membrane and organelles. Therefore, Ca2+ might act as a second messenger to reduce ROS oxidative damage and maintain the cell membrane integrity. This study provides new insights into the breeding of new luffa varieties that are resistant to browning and post-harvest treatments to reduce the browning of luffa tissue.

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Determining the nutritional value and antioxidant capacity of duckweed (Wolffia arrhiza) under artificial conditions

Cited by 27 publications

References 38 publications

Rapid and Highly Efficient Genetic Transformation and Application of Interleukin-17B Expressed in Duckweed as Mucosal Vaccine Adjuvant

Rapid and Highly Efficient Genetic Transformation and Application of Interleukin-17B Expressed in Duckweed as Mucosal Vaccine Adjuvant

Effects of Sulfamethazine and Cupric Ion on Treatment of Anaerobically Digested Swine Wastewater with Growing Duckweed

Effect of CaCl2 Treatment on Enzymatic Browning of Fresh-Cut Luffa (Luffa cylindrica)

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