Determining the optical properties of turbid media by using the adding–doubling method

Abstract

A method is described for finding the optical properties (scattering, absorption, and scattering anisotropy) of a slab of turbid material by using total reflection, unscattered transmission, and total transmission measurements. This method is applicable to homogeneous turbid slabs with any optical thickness,albedo, or phase function. The slab may have a different index of refraction from its surroundings and may or may not be bounded by glass. The optical properties are obtained by iterating an adding-doubling solution of the radiative transport equation until the calculated values of the reflection and transmission match the measured ones. Exhaustive numerical tests show that the intrinsic error in the method is < 3% when four quadrature points are used.

Modeling silica aerogel optical performance by determining its radiative properties

“…This is achieved by iteratively solving the forward problem with improved estimations of the radiative properties until the calculated value converges to the experiment result. 35,36 …”

Correlation between collagen solubility and skin optical clearing using sugars

“…An integrating sphere (Labsphere, North Sutton, NH) was used to determine the transmittance and reflectance of 635 nm laser diode light in rodent skin samples [15,16]. The skin/glass combination was placed at the entrance and exit ports of the integrating sphere for transmittance and reflectance measurements, respectively.…”

“…System calibration was performed using neutral density filters and reflectance standards (Labsphere). The inverse-adding-doubling method was used to calculate the reduced scattering coefficient, m 0 s , for each skin sample before and after clearing agent application [16]. Volume matched solutions of each clearing agent were applied to the dermal side of the skin sample.…”

Optical clearing of in vivo human skin: Implications for light‐based diagnostic imaging and therapeutics

“…To measure the optical properties (diffuse transmission and surface reflectance) of freshly excised in vitro human skin, an integrating sphere was used [6] with an inverse adding doubling algorithm [7] to estimate the reduced scattering coefficient ( s ') of the samples. The optical clearing potential (OCP) was defined as the ratio of m s ' immediately before and 24 hours after, agent application.…”