Determining the prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus infection using a novel cervical precancer screening approach in incarcerated women at the Nsawam Medium Security Prison, Ghana

Acheampong, Lawrence Kofi; Effah, Kofi; Amuah, Joseph E.; Tekpor, Ethel; Wormenor, Comfort Mawusi; Gedzah, Isaac; Kemawor, Seyram; Kachana, Ateba Cynthia; Danso, Peace Afi; Essel, Nana Owusu; Asomaning, Mabel; Agyiri, Dominic; Akakpo, Patrick Kafui

doi:10.3332/ecancer.2021.1248

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…It is reported that the squamocolumnar junction recedes into the endocervical canal and is not visible for majority of women after 45 years (TZ type 3). This is in line with the high proportion of transformation type 3 seen in our study [19]. Again cytology histology correlation must be adopted by all reporting laboratories to ensure and guarantee CQI.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Quality assurance in cytology reporting in Ghana: an urgent call

Effah¹,

Amuah²,

Tekpor³

et al. 2023

ecancer

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Introduction:In Ghana, the Papanicolaou (PAP) smear remains central to cervical cancer screening although human papilloma virus testing is recommended. The success of the PAP smear however depends on stringent quality processes. Unfortunately, PAP smear reporting in Ghana is uncoordinated with no clear quality guidelines. Methods:We applied quality guidelines to all PAP smear diagnoses of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) at Catholic Hospital Battor from 1 June 2016 to 31 August 2021. Available slides were independently reviewed by two pathologists, colposcopy findings were correlated with PAP smear results and histology cytology correlation was carried out after loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP).Results: Of 17 women with HSIL, 3 available slides were reviewed and found to be normal (negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy), obviating the need for LEEP. Of the 11 that had LEEP after colposcopy, cytology histology correlation revealed that 54.6% (6) had no dysplasia, 27.3% (3) were cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) II and 18.2% (2) were CIN III. Cytology, colposcopy correlation showed that (out) of the 17 women, 52.9% (9) had no lesions, 29.4% (5) had minor changes and 17.7% (3) had major changes on their cervix. Of the nine that had no lesions on colposcopy, five had LEEP. Of these five, dysplasia (at least CIN II) was revealed in three (60%). Conclusion:The lack of quality processes in PAP smear reporting results in a high false positive rate with overtreatment of patients. Quality measures need to be adopted for the reporting of PAP smears in Ghana if gains are to be made in the fight against cervical cancer.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Quality assurance in cytology reporting in Ghana: an urgent call

Effah¹,

Amuah²,

Tekpor³

et al. 2023

ecancer

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“…Our staff at the CCPTC have worked hard training all cadres of health workers. They have screened women in all corners in the country including screening head porters (kayayei), commercial sex workers, nuns and prisoners [ 19 ]. Our alumni across the country are also screening women in communities that would otherwise not have seen this for many years.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A revolution in cervical cancer prevention in Ghana

Effah¹,

Wormenor²,

Atuguba³

et al. 2022

ecancer

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Though cervical cancer is largely preventable, success depends on sustained screening and treatment of precancer. This is not available in many low resource settings where screening and treatment services are not available due to a lack of government support. Our vision of setting up a comprehensive cervical cancer prevention scheme across Ghana that offers services tailored to fit every patient's needs, and relies on task shifting has been made possible through the setting up of the Cervical Cancer Prevention and Training Centre (CCPTC) to train and equip middle cadre staff (mostly nurses and midwives) to provide crucial cervical precancer screening and treatment services in many areas of the country that have never seen any such screening activities. To achieve this vision, we have learnt to produce crucial context relevant teaching materials and consumables locally, while adapting simple, readily available social media applications to raise crowd funds to support our work, use these apps to support routine work and to create a network of service providers at various service levels that can rely on each other and assure quality. Our vision has been supported by individuals and organizations that believe in it. They have allowed us to determine our growth and success. By sharing the experiences of the CCPTC we hope to encourage others to set up screening centers in low resource settings.

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“…Супутні інфекції, що передаються статевим шляхом, з урахуванням УПМ та ВІЛ, значно збільшують вірогідність зараження ВПЛ через статевий контакт [5,6,8,10,17,19,21]. На сьогодні окрему увагу серед ІПСШ заслуговує урогенітальна трихомонадна інфекція, як найбільш поширена у світі та в більшості випадках (до 70%) представляє собою змішаний процес з іншими ІПСШ.…”

Section: вступunclassified

“…Це обумовлює можливість тривалої персистенції бактерій, грибів і вірусів, зокрема, ВПЛ всередині трихомонад і дозволяє пояснити невдалі спроби діагностики та елімінації відповідних мікроорганізмів [3,17,19]. Також за даними літератури змішана інфекція, що передається статевим шляхом, та ВПЛ збільшує в рази ризик РШМ [5,10,17,20].…”

Section: вступunclassified

Prevalence of Human Papilloma Virus Among Patients With Sexually Transmitted Infections

Мавров¹

2022

D&V

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The affinity of sources of infection, dominance of sexual transmission, as well as the contingent of persons at risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and human papilloma virus (HPV), determines the possibility of simultaneous infection with pathogens of these diseases. The aim of the study was to study the prevalence of highly oncogenic (HO) types of human papilloma virus among sick women with sexually transmitted infections and opportunistic flora (UTI). Materials and methods. The frequency of detection of highly oncogenic human papillomavirus types and their genotypes was assessed in 44 women (mean age 32.6 years) with chronic endocervicitis of mixed etiology using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results. The initial prevalence (59.1%) of highly oncogenic human papillomavirus genotypes (16, 18, 31, 35, 45, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68, 82) was found among women of childbearing age with endocervicitis of Trichomonas etiology in combination with other (68.2%) sexually transmitted infections (chlamydia – 18.1%, ureaplasmosis – 25%) and opportunistic flora (86.4%), with a predominance of human papilloma virus type 16 (18.1%) and type 45 (15.9%). Conclusions. Diagnosing co-infection with sexually transmitted infections, opportunistic pathogens, and highly oncogenic types of human papillomavirus is an important factor in detecting cervical cancer.

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Determining the prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus infection using a novel cervical precancer screening approach in incarcerated women at the Nsawam Medium Security Prison, Ghana

Cited by 14 publications

References 23 publications

Quality assurance in cytology reporting in Ghana: an urgent call

Quality assurance in cytology reporting in Ghana: an urgent call

A revolution in cervical cancer prevention in Ghana

Prevalence of Human Papilloma Virus Among Patients With Sexually Transmitted Infections

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