Detonator using Nickel Hydrazine Nitrate as Primary Explosive

Abstract

Nickel hydrazine nitrate is an energetic coordination compound having explosive properties in between that of primary and secondary. This compound was used to develop a new type of detonator by replacing the sensitive primary explosive, lead azide in conventional detonators and keeping RDX (cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine) as the output secondary explosive. The detonator consists of three regions, viz., initiation, deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT), and output. The initiation and the electrical rating of 1A/1W no-fire were achieved using a suitable squib. The DDT and the output were taken care of, by pressing requisite quantities of Nickel hydrazine nitrate and RDX, respectively at required densities in a stainless steel stem channel. The detonator assembly involves crimping the squib and the stem channel in a stainless steel housing and applying a suitable resin at the crimped-end for leak tightness. The output was assessed from the dent depth on aluminium plate, volume expansion on lead block, and by achieving veloctiy of detonation of 8200 m/s in mild detonating cords, containing 0.95 g/m of RDX, which indicates full-order detonation. The detonators were tested at system level and found to perform satisfactorily.

Methylsemicarbazide as a Ligand in Late 3d Transition Metal Complexes

“…Compound 1 first melts (60 8C) and vaporizes afterwards at temperatures above 110 8C, which was determined by constant weightl oss during TGA ( Figure 13). This behavior could be a possible explanation for the exceptional endothermic peaks observedf or 5,9,10,[12][13][14]17 and 18 during DTAm easurements.E ndothermic loss of coordinatingM SC molecules could lead to the formationo fi ntermediate species, which decompose in an exothermic manner at later stages. Numerous decomposition paths andm echanisms are possible.…”

“…Highly energetic and sensitive complexes are formed by the combination of hydrazine derivatives (hydrazine, monomethylhydrazine, dimethylhydrazine, semicarbazide (SC), carbohydrazide (CHZ) but also N ‐amino‐azoles) as the ligand with nitrate or perchlorate transition metal salts . One of the most prominent ECC of this type is NHN (nickel hydrazine nitrate) which has also successfully been tested in detonators but contains very toxic nickel(II) …”

“…[11,12] One of the most prominent ECC of this typei sN HN (nickel hydrazine nitrate) whichh as also successfully been tested in detonators but contains very toxic nickel(II). [13] Carbohydrazide (CHZ), which belongs to the group of carbazidesw as first synthesized 1894 by Curtius and Heidenreich who obtained the compound by the reaction of diethylc arbonatew ith hydrazine. [14] Since then, many carbazide-based compounds have been reported ( drugs [15] and herbicides.…”

Inorganic chemistry laboratory experiment on an energetic nickel (II) coordination compound, aimed at third-year undergraduate students

“…<1.5 × 10 −5 mol/L (Zhu et al, 1997). Sonication allows synthesizing [Ni(N 2 H 4 ) 3 ][NO 3 ] 2 at ambient conditions in a short time period, whereas an alternative approach would be to heat the solution to 65°C as is the case elsewhere (Cartwright, 2018;Chhabra et al, 2003;Hariharanath et al, 2006;Patil et al, 1982;Wojewódka & Bełzowski, 2011;Wojewódka et al, 2009;Zhang et al, 2017;Zhu et al, 1997). Figure 1 shows the IR spectrum of 1 for which the fingerprint region, albeit dense, is relatively easy to examine.…”

“…In the recent years, [Ni(N 2 H 4 ) 3 ][NO 3 ] 2 was presented as a safer alternative to lead azide Pb(N 3 ) 2 , a widely used primary explosive (Wojewódka & Bełzowski, 2011;Wojewódka, Bełzowski, Wilk, & Stás, 2009). Indeed, [Ni(N 2 H 4 ) 3 ][NO 3 ] 2 is less sensitive to mechanical stimuli like impact and friction (Hariharanath, Chandrabhanu, Rajendran, Ravindran, & Kartha, 2006). Furthermore, it is thermally stable below 120°C (Chhabra, Talawar, Makashir, Asthana, & Singh, 2003;Zhang, Liu, Song, Liu, & Yang, 2017).…”