Developing Electrolyte for a Soluble Lead Redox Flow Battery by Reprocessing Spent Lead Acid Battery Electrodes

Orapeleng, Keletso; Wills, Richard; Cruden, Andrew

doi:10.3390/batteries3020015

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The nonlinear relationship between the reaction activities of each sample to reactions (4,5) and the deposition voltage should be attributed to the morphology of Bi particles [43], which was further analyzed by the SEM results. As an intermediate product, BiHx acts as an effective catalyst for the V 3+ /V 2+ reaction, which makes the charge transfer of the reduction reaction faster in the reaction (6). As shown in Figure 4b, the reduction peak in 1 M V 3+ + 3 M H2SO4 is more pronounced.…”

Section: Electrochemical Performancementioning

confidence: 95%

“…Compared with other energy storage batteries, vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) have obvious advantages. The capacity and power of the battery can be adjusted flexibly according to the needs, and the electrolyte is easy to recycle to restore the battery capacity and prolong the lifetime of the VRFB [4][5][6]. In particular, VRFBs have been widely studied as a new type of efficient, economical and environmentally friendly secondary batteries due to the wide standard reduction potentials of vanadium redox couples [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical Deposition of Bismuth on Graphite Felt Electrodes: Influence on Negative Half-Cell Reactions in Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries

Chen,

Sun,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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In this paper, bismuth (Bi) was successfully deposited on graphite felts to improve the electrochemical performances of vanadium redox flow batteries. Modified graphite felts with different Bi particle loadings were obtained through electrochemical deposition at voltages of 0.8 V, 1.2 V and 1.6 V in 0.1 M BiCl3 solution for 10 min. The optimal Bi particle loading was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), single cells and electrochemical tests. The SEM images revealed the deposition of granular Bi particles on the fiber surface. The Bi-modified felts which were electro-chemically deposited at 1.2 V (Bi/TGF-1.2V) showed excellent electrochemical performances in cyclic voltammetry curves and impedance spectroscopy. Meanwhile, the single cells assembled with Bi/TGF-1.2V as negative electrodes exhibited higher voltage efficiencies than the others. The optimized Bi particle loading induced better catalysis of the V3+/V2+ reaction and hence significantly improved the cell performances. In addition, the prepared Bi-modified felts showed stable cell performances and slower charge–discharge capacity declines than the other electrodes at current densities between 20 mA/cm2 and 80 mA/cm2. Compared with the pristine felt, the voltage efficiency of the vanadium redox flow battery assembled with Bi/TGF-1.2V graphite felt was 9.47% higher at the current density of 80 mA/cm2. The proposed method has considerable potential and guiding significance for the future modification of graphite felt for redox flow batteries.

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Section: Electrochemical Performancementioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Deposition of Bismuth on Graphite Felt Electrodes: Influence on Negative Half-Cell Reactions in Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries

Chen,

Sun,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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“…Recently, the electrochemical performance of SLRFB has been investigated with two types of electrolytes: a fresh electrolyte and the electrolyte contained Pb 2+ ions recovered from spent lead-acid battery. 54 The electrolytes with different compositions were prepared for comparison and each one was prepared by dissolving the spent battery electrodes in 2.5 M MSA. Three electrolytes were 2.5 M MSA, 2.5 M MSA + 0.09 M H 2 O 2 , 2.5 M MSA + 0.9 M H 2 O 2, and these were heated at 30 °C.…”

Section: Electrolytementioning

confidence: 99%

Review—Recent Developments and Challenges in Membrane-Less Soluble Lead Redox Flow Batteries

Jaiswal¹,

Khan²,

Ramanujam³

2022

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Soluble lead redox flow batteries (SLEFBs) are attractive for their undivided flow channel design over other flow battery chemistries, which require an expensive membrane/separator. In an SLRFB, lead metal and lead dioxide are plated on the negative and positive electrodes from a single electrolyte reservoir containing soluble lead(II) species. Although the membrane-less cell configuration bestows SLRFBs cost-effectiveness over other flow batteries, there are challenges associated with the plating of PbO2, Pb dendrite formation, and the presence of parasitic reactions. This review focuses mainly on the present status and major challenges of SLRFBs. The solutions to prevent the dendritic growth of Pb metal, accelerate the redox kinetics of Pb2+/PbO2 redox couple, and suppress the oxygen evolution at cathode are discussed in detail. The role of electrolyte concentration, electrolyte additives, current density, charging time, and temperature on the phase change and surface morphology of the PbO2 electrodeposit are extensively reviewed. In addition, the modification to the electrolyte in terms of the additive chemistry improving the electrochemical performance and cycle life of SLRFBs are discussed. Finally, the aspects of cell design on improving the performance at a lab-scale as well as stack level are highlighted.

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“…According to the previous research, lead acid secondary battery technology is a mature technology that can be used nation wide in a variety of renewable energy storage applications [25]. Although lead acid batteries have mature technology and affordable in price, lead acid batteries are sensitive to misuse such as ambient temperature ranges, lifetime [4], charging methods [25], and stationary energy storage problems [26]. The same conditions also occur in the DLAB.…”

Section: Comparison Of Dlab With Commercial Lead Acid Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study of capacity and electrode structure of six cell dynamic lead acid battery

et al. 2021

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The six cells of the dynamic lead acid battery (DLAB) series have been made to resemble the accumulator with sulfuric acid single electrolyte. The tank was filled with 1200 mL of 30% sulfuric acid and circulated through each unit cell by a minipump during charge-discharge process. Experiments were carried out by providing a charging current of 2A, while the discharge current was varied at 0.5 A, 0.6 A, 0.7 A, 0.8 A for 10 continuous cycle to obtain the battery with the best characteristics. The experimental results show that all batteries have a working voltage of 10.8-14.4 volt. The discharging current is inversely proportional to the discharging duration. The resulting capacity has an efficiency ranging from 80.1-81.1%. DLAB with 0.5 A discharging current shows the best performance based on the length of duration and the average capacity with value of 109.61 h and 6168 mAh while for the ideal performance stability is obtained by DLAB with 0.7 A discharging current. The electrochemical reaction produces angelsite and plattnerite phases on the positive electrode. Meanwhile, angelsite and lead phases are formed on the negative electrode.

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Developing Electrolyte for a Soluble Lead Redox Flow Battery by Reprocessing Spent Lead Acid Battery Electrodes

Cited by 11 publications

References 27 publications

Electrochemical Deposition of Bismuth on Graphite Felt Electrodes: Influence on Negative Half-Cell Reactions in Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries

Electrochemical Deposition of Bismuth on Graphite Felt Electrodes: Influence on Negative Half-Cell Reactions in Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries

Review—Recent Developments and Challenges in Membrane-Less Soluble Lead Redox Flow Batteries

Experimental study of capacity and electrode structure of six cell dynamic lead acid battery

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