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Baterai dinamis atau yang dikenal dengan Redox Flow Battery (RFB) merupakan jenis baterai sekunder yang banyak dikembangkan karena kemampuannya untuk menyimpan energi dalam jumlah besar. Pada penelitian ini, dikembangkan baterai dinamis berbasis asam timbal dimana timbal (Pb) dan timbal dioksida (PbO2) digunakan sebagai elektroda baterai dengan luas permukaan pelat (13,5 x 7,5) cm2. Baterai dinamis asam timbal diuji sehingga diketahui pengaruh perbedaan konsentrasi H2SO4 terhadap karakteristik baterai. Variasi konsentrasi H2SO4 yang digunakan adalah 20% dan 30%. Pengujian siklus pengisian-pengosongan dilakukan dengan alat BMS (Battery Management System) yaitu Turnigy Accucell-6 sebanyak 3 siklus dengan arus pembebanan 1 A. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, kapasitas baterai dinamis asam timbal meningkat dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi H2SO4. Baterai dinamis asam timbal 30% menghasilkan kapasitas rata-rata tertinggi yaitu 4.657 mAh dengan efisiensi rata-rata 82,90%. Baterai dinamis 30% diuji masing-masing 1 siklus dengan variasi waktu pengisian untuk mengetahui waktu pengisian optimal baterai. Variasi waktu pengisian yang digunakan adalah 0,5; 1; 1,5; 2; 2,5 jam serta pengisian hingga titik cut-off . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kapasitas baterai meningkat dengan meningkatnya waktu pengisian baterai, dengan efisiensi tertinggi baterai dinamis 30% adalah pada pengisian 2 jam.

Electrolyte concentration is one of the important parameters on Lead-Acid Battery (LAB) outcome. Lead-acid battery has been made with static and dynamic electrolyte treatment where 4 variations of electrolyte concentration (20%, 30%, 40% and 50%) and 1A current applied in the system during charging-discharging test to analyze the relationship of the electrolyte concentration to the battery characteristic and compare static and dynamic lead-acid battery performance. The experiment result that for dynamic lead acid battery, the capacity increases along with the higher concentration from 20% to 40% but decrease at 50% compare to 40% for 3 first cycle charge-discharge test when the static lead-acid battery unwork at concentration 20% and show the increases capacity along with increases concentration. In capacity and efficiency point of view, dynamic lead-acid show better performance compare to static lead-acid battery.

Renewable energy such as solar energy, waves and wind require batteries as a storage of electrical energy which still has constraints related to voltage, capacity, and energy efficiency. This experiment aims to determine the effect of electrode size on lead-acid dynamic and static battery capacity and energy efficiency. Dynamic and static single cell lead-acid batteries consist of three different electrode sizes, 13.5x7.5 cm 2 (A1); 22.5x7.5 cm 2 (A2) and 32.5x7.5 cm 2 (A3) have been developed. Continuous and simultaneous charge-discharge test using turnigy accucell-6 50 w and chargemaster 2.02 software as graphic programming. Based on experiments, dynamic batteries perform better than static batteries with a difference in capacity of up to 48% and differences in energy efficiency up to 17%. The best performance is obtained on A3 dynamic batteries with an average capacity capacity of 10357 mAh and an average energy efficiency of 81%.

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