Developing the methodology for health risk assessment within public management of sanitary-epidemiological welfare of the population

Abstract

The article focuses on generalizing Russian scientific and methodical developments aimed at updating and supplementing the health risk assessment methodology. This methodology is a key component in tackling tasks related to providing sanitary-epidemiological welfare of the population. Russian approaches to risk assessment are shown to have a significant peculiarity, which is a wide use of methods of multidimensional statistical analysis, mathematical modeling, fuzzy logic, and their combinations. The most significant Russian scientific innovations include development of qualitative risk assessment, non-carcinogenic health risks included; severity of health disorders taken into account in risk assessment; methodical support for assessing integral risks under exposure to heterogeneous environmental factors. Russian experts suggested and developed an idea that it was possible to model evolution of risks and their growth under changing exposures. Approaches to assessing risks evolution under long-term exposure to variable factors made it possible to solve a whole set of applied hygienic tasks. In addition to establishing qualitative characteristics of non-carcinogenic risks under exposure to chemicals, methods for assessing risks under exposure to environmental noise, certain lifestyle factors and factors related to work process have also been substantiated and implemented. Progressive development of the health risk assessment methodology ensured operative, smooth and effective transitions of control and surveillance activities performed by Rospotrebnadzor onto a fundamentally new control platform that relies on the risk-based model. Obviously, analytical opportunities offered by the health risk assessment methodology are extensive. Development of methodical grounds in hygiene and epidemiology as well as design of applied algorithms and approaches to risk assessment and management based on the fundamental methodology should involve several trends. We should extend our knowledge on mechanisms of health disorders under exposure to heterogeneous environmental factors and work-related ones; hygienic standardization needs improvement; we should apply situational modeling and prediction of sanitary-epidemiological welfare under changing or preset conditions; we should provide substantiation for the strategic and tactical regulatory actions aimed at managing threats and risks. The experience accumulated in developing the health risk assessment methodology in variable spheres should be considered a starting point for creating new risk assessment and risk management technologies. They should give an opportunity to solve any tasks related to providing sanitary-epidemiological welfare of the population in the Russian Federation.

Identification of hazards for human health under chemical pollution in air inside in-patient hospitals

“…The ultimate goal is to perform adequate assessment of hazards or safety of air inside in-patient hospitals considering possible pollution created by internal sources (human excretory products, use of various technical means for air cleaning and disinfection, etc.). To achieve it, it is advisable to use the following algorithm of a chemical and analytical investigation: identification of a most comprehensive range of pollutants; selection of priority pollutants for monitoring; use of the risk analysis metho-dology 4 [23][24][25]. The latter is especially important since health risk analysis is known to allow predicting and minimizing a growth in incidence among healthcare workers under occupational long-term exposure to chemicals in low doses, which can often be below MPLs 4 [24,25].…”

Identification of hazards for human health under chemical pollution in air inside in-patient hospitals

“…Для адекватной оценки опасности или безопасности воздушной среды лечебных стационаров, учитывая возможность загрязнения внутренними источниками (продукты жизнедеятельности человека, использование различных технических средств очистки и обеззараживания воздуха и др. ), целесообразно применять следующий алгоритм химико-аналитического исследования: идентификация возможно более полного спектра загрязняющих веществ, выбор для текущего контроля приоритетных загрязняющих веществ, а также использование методологии анализа риска 4 [23][24][25], поскольку известно, что применение технологии анализа риска здоровью позволяет прогнозировать и минимизировать рост заболеваемости медицинского персонала, подвергающегося в результате своей профессиональной деятельности длительному воздействию химических веществ в малых, нередко даже ниже уровней ПДК, дозах 5 [24,25].…”

Assessment of health risks caused by overweight in children depending on the FTO gene rs9939609 polymorphism

“…В число девяти глобальных целей в области профилактики неинфекционных заболеваний до 2025 г., разработанных Всемирной организацией здравоохранения, включена стабилизация показателей ожирения [1][2][3]. Сбережение человеческого потенциала обосновывает актуальность данной проблемы для медицинского, научного сообщества и общества в целом [4][5][6]. По данным доклада Европейского региона ВОЗ о результатах исследований, проведенных в 2018-2020 гг.…”

“…Данное значение показателя сопоставимо с аналогичным показателем в европейских популяциях, составляющим 41,0 %, по данным Национального центра по биотехнологии (США) на 2022 г. 4 В Москве частота встречаемости аллеля А этого полиморфизма среди детского населения была чуть ниже и составляла 34,4 % [10]. В нашей работе мы не выявили гендерных различий, данные показатели составляли 40,57 % у девочек и 40,83 % у мальчиков (табл.…”