Development and In vitro Evaluation of Flurbiprofen Microcapsules Prepared by Modified Solvent Evaporation Technique

Sohail, Muhammad; Shah, Pervaiz Akhtar; Tariq, Imran; Saeed-ul-Hassan, Syed; Amin, Umair; Raza, Syed Atif; Saeed, Tariq; Sultana, Misbah; Jawa, Najam-ul-Hassan

doi:10.4314/tjpr.v13i7.4

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The properties of microcapsules prepared by this method depend on the characteristics of the polymer (e.g., structure and molecular weight), the concentration and properties of the emulsifier, the ratio of the polymer to the drug, the temperature, and the stirring speed at the time of emulsification (Mishra et al, 2013). Flurbiprofen microcapsules can be prepared by the solvent evaporation method into Eudragit RS 100 and HPMC co-polymer coats (Sohail et al, 2014). (paraffin, polyethylene glycol, acrylates, etc.)…”

Section: Double Emulsion Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in microencapsulation of drugs for veterinary applications

Ahmad

Sun

et al. 2021

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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Microencapsulation is a process where very minute droplets or particles of solid or liquid or gas are trapped with a polymer to isolate the internal core material from external environmental hazards. Microencapsulation is applied mostly for flavor masking, fortification, and sustained and control release. It improves palatability, absorption, and bioavailability of drugs with good conformity. Microencapsulation has been widely studied in numerous drug delivery systems for human health. The application of microcapsules in the veterinary pharmaceutical sciences is increasing day by day. The treatment systems for humans and animals are likely to be similar, but more complex in the veterinary field due to the diversity of the species, breeds, body size, biotransformation rate, and other factors associated with animal physiology. Commercially viable, economically profitable, and therapeutically effective microencapsulated vaccine, anthelmintic, antibacterial, and other therapeutics have a great demand for livestock and poultry production. Nowadays, researchers emphasize the controlled and sustained‐release dosage form of drugs in the veterinary field. This paper has highlighted the microencapsulation materials, preparation techniques, characteristics, roles, and the application of microcapsules in veterinary medicine.

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Section: Double Emulsion Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in microencapsulation of drugs for veterinary applications

Ahmad

Sun

et al. 2021

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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“…The samples were analysed using HPLC as reported earlier (33). The dissolution profile was subjected to mathematical modelling using a free Microsoft Excel Add-In, DD Solver (34). Tacrolimus ointment (Oint-TM) served as control in the experiment and was proceeded similar to MNP-TM…”

Section: In Vitro Drug Release Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Characterization of Thiolated Chitosan Microneedle Patch for Transdermal Delivery of Tacrolimus

et al. 2020

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Microneedle patch is a prominent strategy with minimal invasion and painless application to improve skin penetration of drug molecules. Herein, we report microneedle patch (MNP) as an alternative to the oral route for the systemic delivery of tacrolimus (TM), an immunosuppressant drug. Thiolated chitosan (TCS) based microneedle patch was fabricated and characterized in vitro and in vivo for its mechanical strength, skin penetration, drug release, and skin irritation. The MNP having 225 needles with 575 μm showed good mechanical properties in terms of tensile strength and percentage elongation. The skin penetration showed 84% penetration with no breakage. Histology of the mice skin after insertion showed the penetration of needles into the dermis. In vitro release and ex vivo permeation studies through Franz diffusion cell showed the sustained release (82.5%) of TM from the MNP with significantly higher (p < 0.05) skin permeation as compared with controls, respectively. Moreover, in vivo biocompatibility in rats showed the safety of the material and patch. Thus, the TCS microneedle patch has the potential to be developed as a transdermal delivery system for tacrolimus with improved bioavailability and sustained release over a longer period.

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“…Physicochemical compatibility was studied through this analysis. 13 X-ray diffraction (XRD) XRD analysis of pure drug, polymer and formulation of TCM-containing microsponges was conducted to evaluate the nature of drug particles alone as well as in the form of formulated microsponges.…”

Section: Zeta Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of quasi-emulsification and modified double emulsification techniques for formulation of tacrolimus microsponges

Zaman¹,

Qureshi²,

Sultana³

et al. 2018

IJN

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BackgroundThe present study was to develop a stable and sustained-release delivery system of tacrolimus (TCM). TCM is a macrolide antibiotic used as an immunosuppressant. It is formulated as a microsponge, which is a safe and effective delivery system with reduced side effects.Materials and methodsThe method used to prepare ethyl cellulose (EC) and xanthan gum (XG)-facilitated EC-based microsponges employed emulsification and modified double emulsification techniques. TCM-containing microsponges were prepared using varying concentrations followed by evaluation of micromeritics, compatibility of drug and excipients, production yield, drug content and entrapment efficiency, zeta potential, size distribution and drug release.ResultsThe results showed excellent flow properties with adequate entrapment efficiency of the system and satisfactory release of active pharmaceutical ingredient. In vitro dissolution studies, which were conducted to determine the amount of drug released, illustrated a pronounced sustained effect up to 8 h. Zeta size and zeta potential analysis of microsponges confirmed the existence of micro-sized (1.99–3.09 µm) and stable particles (−15.33 to −3.38 mV), respectively.ConclusionConclusively, the applied technique and selected combination of ingredients were found suitable for the preparation of TCM-containing sustained-release microsponges.

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Development and In vitro Evaluation of Flurbiprofen Microcapsules Prepared by Modified Solvent Evaporation Technique

Cited by 20 publications

References 7 publications

Recent advances in microencapsulation of drugs for veterinary applications

Recent advances in microencapsulation of drugs for veterinary applications

Fabrication and Characterization of Thiolated Chitosan Microneedle Patch for Transdermal Delivery of Tacrolimus

Application of quasi-emulsification and modified double emulsification techniques for formulation of tacrolimus microsponges

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