Development and Nutrition of New Species of Thraustochytrium

Goldstein, Solomon

doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1963.tb12234.x

Cited by 51 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The presence of lipid bodies (or osmiophilic droplets) in Thraustochytrium and related genera has been observed by light (20,34) and transmission electron (1,31) microscopy. However, until now, no mention has been made of the membrane-like structures in species of this genus.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipids and ultrastructure of Thraustochytrium sp. ATCC 26185

Weete

Kim

Gandhi

et al. 1997

Lipids

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As a representative of a genus with species considered to be potential commercial producers of the nutritionally important polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), Thraustochytrium sp. ATCC 26185 was investigated to determine its potential for DHA production and lipid composition. Cells from liquid shake cultures contained 32% (w/w) lipid, 18% of which was nonsaponifiable lipid. The major saturated fatty acids (14:0 and 16:0) comprised up to 59% of the total fatty acids, and DHA was up to 25% after 6 d incubation. Squalene represented 63% of the nonsaponifiable lipid, and cholesterol composed 41% of the total sterols. The phospholipids expected for eucaryotic microbes were detected with phosphatidylcholine as the major phospholipid at 76% of the total. The ultrastructure of this species was similar to other Thraustochytrium species except that the cells did not have surface scales and they contained unusual membrane-like structures that appeared to be associated with oil formation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipids and ultrastructure of Thraustochytrium sp. ATCC 26185

Weete

Kim

Gandhi

et al. 1997

Lipids

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“…For thraustochytrids isolated from coastal waters of Japan and Fiji, it has been reported that strains with similar PUFA profiles cluster on the phylogenetic tree (28). Thraustochytrids have a requirement for sodium ions (20)(21)(22)29). They often prefer salinities corresponding to 40 to 100% seawater (15,29,64), but strains that grow well with a wider range of salinities and tolerate at least 150% (11) or 200% (64) seawater have been described.…”

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confidence: 99%

Endogenously Synthesized (−)-proto-Quercitol and Glycine Betaine Are Principal Compatible Solutes ofSchizochytriumsp. Strain S8 (ATCC 20889) and Three New Isolates of Phylogenetically Related Thraustochytrids

Jakobsen

Aasen

Strøm

2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

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We report that endogenously synthesized (؊)-proto-quercitol (1D-1,3,4/2,5-cyclohexanepentol) and glycine betaine were the principal compatible solutes of Schizochytrium sp. strain S8 (ATCC 20889) and three new osmotolerant isolates of thraustochytrids (strains T65, T66, and T67). The compatible solutes were identified and quantified by use of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and their identity was confirmed by mass spectroscopy and measurement of the specific optical rotation. The cellular content of compatible solutes increased with increasing NaCl concentration of a defined medium. (؊)-proto-Quercitol was the dominating solute at all NaCl concentrations tested (0.25 to 1.0 M), e.g., cells of S8 and T66 stressed with 1.0 M NaCl accumulated about 500 mol (؊)-proto-quercitol and 100 mol glycine betaine per g dry weight. To our knowledge, (؊)-proto-quercitol has previously been found only in eucalyptus. The 18S rRNA gene sequences of the four (؊)-proto-quercitol-producing strains showed 99% identity, and they displayed the same fatty acid profile. The only polyunsaturated fatty acids accumulated were docosahexaenoic acid (78%) and docosapentaenoic acid (22%). A less osmotolerant isolate (strain T29), which was closely phylogenetically related to Thraustochytrium aureum (ATCC 34304), did not contain (؊)-proto-quercitol or glycine betaine. Thus, the level of osmotolerance and the osmolyte systems vary among thraustochytrids.

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“…A survey of the literature (18) indicates that some lower fungi within the orders Saprolegniales and Entomorphorales, and especially the strain Thraustochytrium aureum, produce significant quantities of DHA (23}. This non-filamentous pigmented marine species has been found to display light-stimulated growth {24, 25).…”

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Optimization of production of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) byThraustochytrium aureum ATCC 34304

Bajpai

Ward

1991

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

143

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By varying culture carbon source, Hpid content in mycefium of Thraustochytrium aureum ATCC 34304 varied widely in the range 1-25% of biomass weight. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content of mycelium lipid was higher {65-76%) when biomass lipid content was very low (1-2%) and lower (40-50%) when biomass contained a high lipid content {14-18%}. DHA yields from glucose, starch and maltose were 270, 325 and 334 mg/L, respectively. DHA yield and content of biomass was optimal at an initial culture pH of 6.0. During the culture cycle of T aureum, DHA content in lipids remained relatively constant with optimal DHA yield being observed after six days. Biomass, lipid content in biomass, DHA content in biomass and DHA yield were all optimal at a cultivation temperature of 28~ However, the proportion of DHA in fipids declined with increase in temperature. Biomass, fipids in hiomass and DHA yields were 13%, 42% and 47% higher, respectively, in light-exposed cultures as compared to dark cultures. A maximum yield of DHA of 511 mg/L was observed in fight-exposed cultures containing 2.5% starch, where lipids accounted for over 20% of biomass dry weight. KEY WORDS: DHA {docosahexaenoic add}, omega-3 fatty acids,Thraustochytrium aureum.

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Development and Nutrition of New Species of Thraustochytrium

Cited by 51 publications

References 17 publications

Lipids and ultrastructure of Thraustochytrium sp. ATCC 26185

Lipids and ultrastructure of Thraustochytrium sp. ATCC 26185

Endogenously Synthesized (−)-proto-Quercitol and Glycine Betaine Are Principal Compatible Solutes ofSchizochytriumsp. Strain S8 (ATCC 20889) and Three New Isolates of Phylogenetically Related Thraustochytrids

Optimization of production of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) byThraustochytrium aureum ATCC 34304

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