Development and Processing of New Composite Materials Based on High-Performance Semicrystalline Polyimide for Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) and Their Biocompatibility

Abstract

Samples of composite materials based on high-performance semicrystalline polyimide R-BAPB (based on the dianhydride R: 1,3-bis-(3′,4,-dicarboxyphenoxy)benzene and diamine BAPB: 4,4′-bis-(4″-aminophenoxy)diphenyl)) filled with carbon nanofibers and micron-sized discrete carbon fibers were obtained by FFF printing for the first time. The viscosity of melts of the composites based on R-BAPB, thermal, mechanical characteristics of the obtained composite samples, their internal structure, and biocompatibility were studied. Simultaneously with FFF printing, samples were obtained by injection molding. The optimal concentrations of carbon fillers in polyimide R-BAPB for their further use in FFF printing were determined. The effect of the incorporation of carbon fillers on the porosity of the printed samples was investigated. It was shown that the incorporation of carbon nanofibers reduces the porosity of the printed samples, which leads to an increase in deformation at break. Modification of polyimide with discrete carbon fibers increases the strength and Young’s modulus sufficiently but decreases the deformation at break. The cytotoxicity analysis showed that the obtained composite materials are bioinert.

Research progress in 3D printing of polyimide material

“…打印工艺优化后, 在XY平面上以0°填 充方向打印的聚酰亚胺样条的常温拉伸强度和弯曲强 度最大值仅为55和92 MPa. (c) 沉积路径参数 [24] (网络版彩图) 为进一步提升打印制件性能, 研究人员尝试将纳 米 [31] 、微米纤维增强体甚至连续纤维引入到聚酰亚 胺基体中, 发展可打印的复合材料体系. 目前主要通过 将聚合物与纳米或微米纤维增强体以及连续纤维熔融 共挤出制备复合材料打印丝材 [32] , 而后采用传统FDM 设备打印复合材料样件 [33] ; 或采用具有双进料通道的 打印喷头, 同时将连续碳纤维和聚合物丝材送入到液 化室, 纤维在液化室内被熔融聚合物原位热浸渍后, 从打印头挤出沉积成型, 制备连续纤维增强复合材料 制件 [34] (图4).…”

Comparison of properties of carbon reinforced plastic obtained on the basis of semicrystalline polyimideR‐BAPBand other high‐temperature‐resistant thermoplastic matrices

“…The properties of block samples of heat-resistant matrices are presented in the Table 2. [40][41][42]…”

The importance of local process conditions on the properties of fused filament fabrication printed polypropylene components

“…Three‐dimensional objects are built layer upon layer via material delivery along defined paths. A lot of commercially polymeric materials can be used to print components for academic and industrial applications with the development of the FFF 4–8 . As one of the semi‐crystalline thermoplastics, isotactic polypropylene (PP) has increasingly attracted attention for FFF due to its excellent properties and widespread commercial use 9–12 …”

“…A lot of commercially polymeric materials can be used to print components for academic and industrial applications with the development of the FFF. [4][5][6][7][8] As one of the semi-crystalline thermoplastics, isotactic polypropylene (PP) has increasingly attracted attention for FFF due to its excellent properties and widespread commercial use. [9][10][11][12] The properties of the 3D printed part were affected by different factors, such as infill pattern, 13 printing speed, 14 and nozzle temperature.…”