Development and testing of hybrid green polymer composite (HGPC) filaments of PLA reinforced with waste bio fillers

Lohar, D. V.; Nikalje, A. M.; Damle, P. G.

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2022.04.023

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…[32] Algae Nostoc sphaeroides Water/Juice 5 Particle size affects printability of the filaments, powders or inks, and mechanical properties of printed parts [53,81], printing resolution, surface roughness of the printed parts, material homogeneity, and nozzle clogging and blockage [38,45,52,53,81,82]. These biowastes were usually ground, sieved, and milled to obtain the required particle sizes [37,42,65,69,72]. For wood powders, particle sizes of 0.6 to 1.25 mm were used in binder jetting printing [74].…”

Section: Agriculturally Derived Biowastesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using biowastes in printable filaments, pastes/gels/inks, and powders can reduce the cost of printed products and also increase their sustainability and biodegradability [51]. However, integrating biowastes into filaments or inks for 3D printing can give rise to certain challenges and difficulties, including altering material properties, potentially affecting the filament's mechanical and thermal characteristics [30,40,42,48,58,68,69]. This alteration can impact print quality, resulting in reduced strength, increased brittleness, or changes in dimensional stability.…”

Section: Agriculturally Derived Biowastesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has shown that the inclusion of eggshell and white marble powder negatively impacted tensile strength. The tensile strength of composites made of biowaste can be increased by mixing walnut shell powder with additional fillers [69]. Another paper showed that the CSP/PLA composites have significantly higher mechanical strength and toughness than pure PLA [71].…”

Section: Mechanical Characterizationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• Particle sizes and fiber sizes of the biowastes can negatively impact the mechanical and thermal properties of the printed products and adversely affect the printing process, i.e., larger fiber degrade elastic modulus, tensile strength [67,69,81,82].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Additive Manufacturing Using Agriculturally Derived Biowastes: A Systematic Literature Review

Rahman

Pei

et al. 2023

Bioengineering

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Agriculturally derived biowastes can be transformed into a diverse range of materials, including powders, fibers, and filaments, which can be used in additive manufacturing methods. This review study reports a study that analyzes the existing literature on the development of novel materials from agriculturally derived biowastes for additive manufacturing methods. A review was conducted of 57 selected publications since 2016 covering various agriculturally derived biowastes, different additive manufacturing methods, and potential large-scale applications of additive manufacturing using these materials. Wood, fish, and algal cultivation wastes were also included in the broader category of agriculturally derived biowastes. Further research and development are required to optimize the use of agriculturally derived biowastes for additive manufacturing, particularly with regard to material innovation, improving print quality and mechanical properties, as well as exploring large-scale industrial applications.

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Section: Agriculturally Derived Biowastesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Agriculturally Derived Biowastesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanical Characterizationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Additive Manufacturing Using Agriculturally Derived Biowastes: A Systematic Literature Review

Rahman

Pei

et al. 2023

Bioengineering

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“…The thermal stability of organic wastes such as grape stem, hemp hurd powder, hemp hurd chips, and alfalfa is lower than inorganic ones. Thus, selecting the polymer matrix with appropriate processing temperatures is mandatory to avoid the filler's decomposition [37,38]. On the other hand, inorganic fillers from waste, such as CaCO 3 from eggshells [39], SiO 2 from rice husk [40], and biochar from food waste [41] have higher thermal stability, which increases the thermal stability of the biocomposite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Biobased SiO2 on the Morphological, Thermal, Mechanical, Rheological, and Permeability Properties of PLLA/PEG/SiO2 Biocomposites

et al. 2023

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Nowadays, companies and researchers are concerned about the negative consequences of using synthetic polymers and direct their efforts to create new alternatives such as biocomposites. This study investigated the effect of biobased SiO2 on the properties of poly(L-lactic acid)/SiO2 (PLLA/SiO2) and poly(L-lactic acid)/SiO2/poly(ethylene glycol) (PLLA/SiO2/PEG) composites. The SiO2 was obtained from rice husk incineration and mixed with PLLA at various concentrations (5, 10, and 15 wt.%) via melt extrusion before compression molding. Furthermore, PLLA/SiO2/PEG composites with various PEG concentrations (0, 3, 5, and 10 wt.%) with 10 wt.% SiO2 were produced. The sample morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to analyze the dispersion/adhesion of SiO2 in the polymer matrix and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions to study the thermal properties of the samples, which was complemented by thermal stability study using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Rheological analysis was performed to investigate the viscoelastic behavior of the composites in the melt state. At the same time, tensile mechanical properties were obtained at room temperature to determine their properties in the solid state. DSC and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) were combined to determine the crystalline state of the samples. Finally, gas permeation measurements were performed using a variable pressure (constant volume) method to analyze the permeability of different gases (CO2, CH4, O2, and H2). The results showed that SiO2 decreased the PLLA chain mobility, slowing the crystallization process and lowering the gas permeability while increasing Young’s modulus, thermal stability, and viscosity. However, PEG addition increased the crystallization rate compared to the neat PLLA (+40%), and its elongation at break (+26%), leading to more flexible/ductile samples. Due to improved silica dispersion and PLLA chain mobility, the material’s viscosity and gas permeability (+50%) were also improved with PEG addition. This research uses material considered as waste to improve the properties of PLA, obtaining a material with the potential to be used for packaging.

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Challenges to Improve Extrusion‐Based Additive Manufacturing Process of Thermoplastics toward Sustainable Development

Patti

2024

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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This review aims to present the different approaches to lessen the environmental impact of the extrusion‐based additive manufacturing (MEX) process of thermoplastic‐based resins and protect the ecosystem. The benefits and drawbacks of each alternative, including the use of biomaterials or recycled materials as feedstock, energy efficiency, and polluting emissions reduction, have been examined. First, the technological option of using a pellet‐fed printer was compared to a filament‐fed printer. Then, common biopolymers utilized in MEX applications were discussed, along with methods for improving the mechanical properties of associated printed products. The introduction of natural fillers in thermoplastic resins and the use of biocomposite filaments have been proposed to improve the specific performance of printed items, highlighting the numerous challenges related to their extrusion. Various polymers and fillers derived from recycling were presented as feeding raw materials for printers to reduce waste accumulation, showing the inferior qualities of the resulting goods when compared to printed products made from virgin materials. Finally, the energy consumption and emissions released into the atmosphere during the printing process were discussed, with the potential for both aspects to be controlled through material selection and operating conditions.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Development and testing of hybrid green polymer composite (HGPC) filaments of PLA reinforced with waste bio fillers

Cited by 12 publications

References 12 publications

Additive Manufacturing Using Agriculturally Derived Biowastes: A Systematic Literature Review

Additive Manufacturing Using Agriculturally Derived Biowastes: A Systematic Literature Review

Effect of Biobased SiO2 on the Morphological, Thermal, Mechanical, Rheological, and Permeability Properties of PLLA/PEG/SiO2 Biocomposites

Challenges to Improve Extrusion‐Based Additive Manufacturing Process of Thermoplastics toward Sustainable Development

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