Development and validation of a headspace needle-trap method for rapid quantitative estimation of butylated hydroxytoluene from cosmetics by hand-portable GC-MS

Ghosh, Chiranjit; Singh, Varoon; Grandy, Jonathan J.; Pawliszyn, Janusz

doi:10.1039/c9ra08676e

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The use of single-layer graphitic carbon nitride-modified graphene composite (C 3 N 4 @G), as well as β-cyclodextrin/graphene oxide-modified fibres were employed for the extraction of PAHs and fragrances, respectively [ 131 , 132 ]. In most cases, GC analysis was carried out after SPME [ 123 , 124 , 125 , 127 , 128 , 129 , 131 , 132 ], directly performing analytes’ desorption in the instrument injector—although LC analysis has also been employed [ 130 ]. In this last case, the desorption was performed, employing a small volume of organic solvent.…”

Section: Sample Preparation Strategies For Cosmetics Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, analytes were adsorbed on a polyacrylate (PA) fibre. The combination of a purge-trap with a headspace needle trap device (NTD) and portable GC-MS analysis has also recently been proposed to determine the antioxidant BHT in cosmetics [ 128 ], demonstrating the feasibility of utilizing a hand-portable GC-MS for the real-time estimation of this compound, facilitating quality control measurements by inspecting agencies.…”

Section: Sample Preparation Strategies For Cosmetics Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Advances in Sample Preparation for Cosmetics and Personal Care Products Analysis

et al. 2021

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The use of cosmetics and personal care products is increasing worldwide. Their high matrix complexity, together with the wide range of products currently marketed under different forms imply a challenge for their analysis, most of them requiring a sample pre-treatment step before analysis. Classical sample preparation methodologies involve large amounts of organic solvents as well as multiple steps resulting in large time consumption. Therefore, in recent years, the trends have been moved towards the development of simple, sustainable, and environmentally friendly methodologies in two ways: (i) the miniaturization of conventional procedures allowing a reduction in the consumption of solvents and reagents; and (ii) the development and application of sorbent- and liquid-based microextraction technologies to obtain a high analyte enrichment, avoiding or significantly reducing the use of organic solvents. This review provides an overview of analytical methodology during the last ten years, placing special emphasis on sample preparation to analyse cosmetics and personal care products. The use of liquid–liquid and solid–liquid extraction (LLE, SLE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), solid-phase extraction (SPE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), matrix solid-phase extraction (MSPD), and liquid- and sorbent-based microextraction techniques will be reviewed. The most recent advances and future trends including the development of new materials and green solvents will be also addressed.

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Section: Sample Preparation Strategies For Cosmetics Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sample Preparation Strategies For Cosmetics Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Sample Preparation for Cosmetics and Personal Care Products Analysis

et al. 2021

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“…PCPs have been reported to contain a variety of industrial chemicals to increase the softness, flexibility, adhesiveness, longevity, and antiseptic and antibacterial efficiencies and prevent exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation and oxidation. − Bisphenols, parabens, and UV filters in more than half of PCP samples, such as body washes, haircare, makeup, and skin lotions, were investigated in two U.S. studies. , Phthalate esters (PAEs) and organophosphate esters (OPEs) were detected in nail polish where they are mainly used as ingredients to hold color . Synthetic antioxidants [e.g., butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)] are also added to PCPs to prevent oxidation …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 Synthetic antioxidants [e.g., butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)] are also added to PCPs to prevent oxidation. 10 The frequent use of beauty products may increase human exposure to industrial chemicals through dermal contact, inhalation, and oral intake. 8,11,12 Many known chemicals added to beauty products have been recognized for their toxic effects.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cocktail of Industrial Chemicals in Lipstick and Nail Polish: Profiles and Health Implications

Tang

Chen

Song

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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Beauty products contain various industrial chemicals to increase their functionality and appearance. The frequent use of beauty products may increase human exposure to industrial chemicals, but to date, their chemical components remain poorly characterized. Our work characterized the chemical components in lipstick and nail polish by screening for a total of 231 chemicals from seven categories, including organophosphate esters (OPEs), phthalate esters (PAEs), non-PAE plasticizers, bisphenol analogues, parabens, ultraviolet (UV) stabilizers, and antioxidants. Their total concentrations ranged from 38.9 to 3810 μg/g (median of 193 μg/g) and from 18.6 to 1910 μg/g (307 μg/g) in lipstick (n = 34) and nail polish (n = 15), respectively. The chemical compositions differed between lipstick and nail polish, but non-PAE plasticizers generally dominated over other groups of chemicals. A number of emerging plasticizers, OPEs, and UV stabilizers have rarely been reported in personal care products or environmental samples but were found at very high levels in beauty products, raising concern about their environmental release and human exposure risk. Although the employment of a hazard quotient approach suggested low health risks for exposure to industrial chemicals from the use of beauty products, potential mixture effects from the chemical cocktail and occupational exposure to beauty products should not be overlooked.

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“…Repeated short-term exposure to BHT caused hepatic toxicity in male and female rats. Several studies have shown that BHT can induce tumors development in the liver of animals when BHT orally ingested [24]. Additionally, it caused the development of hepatocellular tumors in rats and mice, DNA damage in monkeys and endocrine disruption in Zebra fish [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethoxyquin and Butylated Hydroxyl Toluene Induced Hepatotoxic Effect Via Apoptosis, Oxidative Stress in Rats: Tissue Injury-Related CYP1A1 Gene Expression

Hegab

Mohammed

Metwally

et al. 2021

Zagazig Veterinary Journal

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Animal feed may contain different phenolic antioxidants, such as butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT), and ethoxyquin (EQ). EQ and BHT at high concentrations can have a pro-oxidant effect and can cause adverse health effects in animals. This study was designed to evaluate the hepatotoxic effect of EQ and / or BHT in rats. Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to five groups of 10 rats each as following: the first group served as control and did not receive any treatments; the second group served as vehicle control and was orally given corn oil. The third group was orally administered EQ day after day in a dose of 1/5 of LD50, the fourth group was orally received BHT day after day in a dose of 1/5 LD50. The fifth group was orally administered both EQ and BHT at the same doses and durations described above. The duration of this study was 45 and 90 days. The results revealed that EQ, BHT and their co-exposure caused a significant decrease in levels of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase enzyme (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH)) in rats. Also a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) levels was recorded in serum of rats. Co-exposure group had a significant increase in DNA damage variables (% tail DNA, tail length, and Olive Tail Moment (OTM)), strong immuno positive reactivity of caspase3 and up regulation of CYP1A1 gene expression in the liver cells of exposed rats. In conclusion, we can state that EQ and BHT are potentially hepatotoxic compounds where the oxidative stress could be accepted as a possible mechanism of their toxicity. Therefore, the utilization of such compounds as feed additives should be more controlled and limited.

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Development and validation of a headspace needle-trap method for rapid quantitative estimation of butylated hydroxytoluene from cosmetics by hand-portable GC-MS

Abstract: Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is widely used as a stable and inexpensive antioxidant in skin care products.

Cited by 24 publications

References 25 publications

Recent Advances in Sample Preparation for Cosmetics and Personal Care Products Analysis

Recent Advances in Sample Preparation for Cosmetics and Personal Care Products Analysis

A Cocktail of Industrial Chemicals in Lipstick and Nail Polish: Profiles and Health Implications

Ethoxyquin and Butylated Hydroxyl Toluene Induced Hepatotoxic Effect Via Apoptosis, Oxidative Stress in Rats: Tissue Injury-Related CYP1A1 Gene Expression

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