Development of a Direct Condensing Radiator for Use in a Spacecraft Vapor Compression Refrigeration System

Williams, J. L.; Keshock, E. G.; Wiggins, C. L.

doi:10.1115/1.3438251

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…A much larger aircraft, the KC-135, is similarly maintained by the Johnson Space Center (JSC)(b) (Shurney 1982). Somewhat longer free-fall conditions--about 25 s--can be held (Williams, Keshock,and Wiggins 1973). The g-level then may be slightly higher than that experienced by the Learjet.…”

Section: Drop Towers and Tubesmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Two-phase alkali-metal experiments in reduced gravity

Antoniak

1988

Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets

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Future space missions envision the use of large nuclear reactors utilizing either a single or a two-phase alkali-metal working fluid. The design and analysis of such reactors require state-of-the-art computer codes that can properly treat alkali-metal flow and heat transfer in a reduced-gravity environment. Current single and multiphase computer codes rely on the presence of gravity-in the fluid momentum equations, in defining their flow regimes, in specific two-phase flow models, or indirectly in the form of correlations obtained from tests conducted in a 1-g field. New flow regime maps, models, and correlations are required if the codes are to be successfully applied to reduced-gravity flow and heat transfer. A literature search of relevant experiments in reduced gravity is reported on here, and reveals a paucity of data for such correlations. The few ongoing experiments in reduced gravity are noted. General plans are put forth for the reduced-gravity experiments which will have to be performed, at NASA facilities, with benign fluids. A similar situation exists regarding two-phase alkali-metal flow and heat transfer, even in normal gravity. Existing data are conflicting and inadequate for the task of modeling a space reactor using a two-phase alkalimetal coolant. The major features of past experiments are described here. Again, general plans are made for future alkali-metal experiments in normal gravity. Data from the reduced-gravity experiments with innocuous fluids are to be combined with normal gravity data from the two-phase alkali-metal experiments. Analyses undertaken here give every expectation that the correlations developed from this data base will provide a valid representation of alkali-metal heat transfer and pressure drop in reduced gravity.

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Section: Drop Towers and Tubesmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…A similar experimental effort was devoted to condensation of Freon-12 (Williams 1974;Keshock et al 1974;Williams, Keshock, and Wiggins 1973). Although the test section was well instrumented, only qualitative results are reported.…”

Section: Aircraft Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-phase alkali-metal experiments in reduced gravity

Antoniak

1988

Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets

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“…In the 1970s, additional studies of condensing two-phase flow were reported. For instance, Williams et al (1973) described the development and feasibility testing of a hybrid spacecraft heat rejection system that incorporated a single radiator capable of functioning as either a conventional space radiator or as a condenser in a refrigeration cycle. Emphasis was placed on development of the radiator/condenser (RC) that was considered to be the most critical component of the hybrid system.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review and Modeling of Two-Phase Frictional Pressure Gradient at Microgravity Conditions

Awad

Muzychka

2010

ASME 2010 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting: Volume 1, Symposia – Parts A, B, and C

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First, a detailed review of two-phase frictional pressure gradient at microgravity conditions is presented. Then, a simple semi-theoretical method for calculating two-phase frictional pressure gradient at microgravity conditions using asymptotic analysis is presented. Two-phase frictional pressure gradient is expressed in terms of the asymptotic single-phase frictional pressure gradients for liquid and gas flowing alone. In the present model, the two-phase frictional pressure gradient for x ≅ 0 is nearly identical to single-phase liquid frictional pressure gradient. Also, the two-phase frictional pressure gradient for x ≅ 1 is nearly identical to single-phase gas frictional pressure gradient. The proposed model can be transformed into either a two-phase frictional multiplier for liquid flowing alone (φl2) or two-phase frictional multiplier for gas flowing alone (φg2) as a function of the Lockhart-Martinelli parameter, X. Comparison of the asymptotic model with experimental data at microgravity conditions is presented.

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Analytical comparison of condensing flows inside tubes under Earth-gravity and space environments

Keshock¹,

Sadeghipour²

1983

Acta Astronautica

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Development of a Direct Condensing Radiator for Use in a Spacecraft Vapor Compression Refrigeration System

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Two-phase alkali-metal experiments in reduced gravity

Two-phase alkali-metal experiments in reduced gravity

Review and Modeling of Two-Phase Frictional Pressure Gradient at Microgravity Conditions

Analytical comparison of condensing flows inside tubes under Earth-gravity and space environments

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