Development of a dynamic regenerative fuel cell system

Bergen, A.; Schmeister, Thomas; Pitt, Lawrence; Rowe, Andrew; Djilali, Ned; Wild, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.10.067

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In the future, RFC systems may replace traditional chemical storage batteries in applications where the potential performance benefits outweigh the cost tradeoffs . The major components in an RFC system are a fuel cell, an electrolyzer ( unitized RFC systems even use the same device to fulfill both functions), a hydrogen storage tank, and several BoP components …”

Section: Fuel Cell System Design: Conceptual Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many groups have tried to identify CO-tolerant catalysts that can be applied at low metal loading in PEFCs fed with reformate gas mixtures . The most commonly used anode electrocatalyst is the carbon-supported system Pt−Ru/C, − which can be prepared, for example, via the colloidal cop...…”

Section: Functional Layers Single Cells and Stacksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…34 The major components in an RFC system are a fuel cell, an electrolyzer (unitized RFC systems even use the same device to fulfill both functions), a hydrogen storage tank, and several BoP components. 35 Very recently, a hybrid system based on retractable photovoltaic (PV) panels, integrated with a PEFC and a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolyzer, has been proposed for the off-grid temporary production of electricity for operation of communication systems, as APUs for small yachts, enabling ocean navigation as well as providing temporary emergency power in areas devastated by natural disaster. 36 When daylight is available, PV panels power the load directly and excess energy charges the battery bank or is utilized to feed the PEM electrolyzer for converting and storing additional energy in hydrogen; if the adsorption of energy exceeds the capacity of the expandable PV panel, the battery bank and the PEFC can contribute dynamically to strike an energy balance.…”

Section: Sd2mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fuel Cell Engineering: Toward the Design of Efficient Electrochemical Power Plants

Sundmacher

2010

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Fuel cells are electrochemical membrane reactors that are able to convert chemically stored energy directly to electrical energy at high thermodynamic efficiencies. The present paper summarizes the current status and the future needs in fuel cell science and engineering. In the first part, possible primary fuels, alternative fuel processing pathways, and conceptual design aspects of fuel cell systems are discussed. In the second part, important trends in the development of functional materials for the preparation of stable high-performance fuel cells with extended longevity are presented. Thereby, different types of fuel cells are discussed, namely, enzymatic fuel cells (EFCs), alkaline fuel cells (AFCs), polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs), direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs), phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFCs), molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs), and solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs).

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Section: Fuel Cell System Design: Conceptual Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Functional Layers Single Cells and Stacksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sd2mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fuel Cell Engineering: Toward the Design of Efficient Electrochemical Power Plants

Sundmacher

2010

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…The use of fossil fuels for energy generation damage the environment due to the high emission of pollutants such as CO 2 , NO 2 and SO 2 [1,2]. Therefore, there are worldwide efforts to develop alternative energy sources to reduce the greenhouse effect and other problems derived from air pollution [3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bibliometric Analysis of the Mass Transport in a Gas Diffusion Layer in PEM Fuel Cells

et al. 2019

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The growth trend of publications in the field of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) was analyzed using bibliometric techniques to the identification of the areas with significant development and the orientations that have guided the research on energy cells. This study extracted the data from Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases to compare the bibliometric indicators of the published productions. In spite of bibliometric analysis advantages to knowing about the trends in a study area, this research requires methods to support the investigation process through the selection of a relevant bibliographic portfolio. This study applied the Methodi Ordinatio that provides a new approach to achieve it. A proposed list of the articles ranked by InOrdinatio is presented to compose the final portfolio. The obtained results in the research sub-theme of the Mass Transport in Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL) confirm the complexity in the study area by presenting erratic patterns of exponential growth. United States, China, and Japan are the leading countries on PEMFC publications. These countries have in common a strong spending by the business sector for R&D, and their gross domestic product is greater than 2%.

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“…The major components in an RFC system are a fuel cell, an electrolyzer (unitized RFC systems use just one device to perform both functions, discrete systems have separate fuel cell and electrolyzer devices), and a hydrogen storage tank. Numerous balance of plant components are also necessary for a practical system [2]. It is only through thorough modeling of all these components that true system efficiencies can be estimated.…”

Section: Background and Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic first principles model of a complete reversible fuel cell system

Brown

Brouwer

Samuelsen

et al. 2008

Journal of Power Sources

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a b s t r a c tA dynamic model of a discrete reversible fuel cell (RFC) system has been developed in a Matlab Simulink ® environment. The model incorporates first principles dynamic component models of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell, a PEM electrolyzer, a metal hydride hydrogen storage tank, and a cooling system radiator, as well as empirical models of balance of plant components. Dynamic simulations show unique charging and discharging control issues and highlight factors contributing to overall system efficiency.© 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Background and introductionReversible fuel cell (RFC) systems act as "rechargeable" energy storage devices designed to work as turn-key systems with electricity being the only input and output. This may allow future systems to replace traditional chemical storage batteries in applications where the potential performance benefits outweigh the cost tradeoffs [1]. The major components in an RFC system are a fuel cell, an electrolyzer (unitized RFC systems use just one device to perform both functions, discrete systems have separate fuel cell and electrolyzer devices), and a hydrogen storage tank. Numerous balance of plant components are also necessary for a practical system [2]. It is only through thorough modeling of all these components that true system efficiencies can be estimated. Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the RFC system modeled in this work, demonstrating the complex auxiliary components and circuitous integration of all of the parts.The RFC system is "charged" by supplying electricity to an electrolyzer that disassociates water yielding hydrogen and oxygen. The oxygen is vented to the atmosphere and the hydrogen is stored in the hydrogen tank. The current system uses a reversible metal hydride compound confined in an aluminum tank for hydrogen storage. When power is needed from the system, hydrogen is supplied by the tank to the fuel cell where it is combined with air to produce electricity, heat, and water. * Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 949 824 1999; fax: +1 949 824 7423. E-mail address: jb@nfcrc.uci.edu (J. Brouwer).The RFC energy storage system is unique when compared to traditional chemical batteries because the power capability, energy storage capacity, and recharge rate are all determined independently [3]. With the exception of shared controls and plumbing, the hydrogen tank capacity solely determines the energy storage of the system, the fuel cell power output governs the power output of the system, and the electrolyzer power determines the "recharge" rate of the system. These properties lead to system advantages in specialized applications, particularly for those applications that require low to moderate power, long duration performance, and/or strict weight requirements. The fuel cell and electrolyzer can be sized as needed for the power requirement, while the hydrogen storage tank can simply be sized up or down, independently, to meet the energy storage requirement. A traditional chemical battery would require increases i...

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Development of a dynamic regenerative fuel cell system

Cited by 17 publications

References 15 publications

Fuel Cell Engineering: Toward the Design of Efficient Electrochemical Power Plants

Fuel Cell Engineering: Toward the Design of Efficient Electrochemical Power Plants

Bibliometric Analysis of the Mass Transport in a Gas Diffusion Layer in PEM Fuel Cells

Dynamic first principles model of a complete reversible fuel cell system

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