Development of a Liquid-Liquid Extraction Procedure for the Analysis of Amphetamine in Biological Specimens by GC-FID

Raikos, Νikolaos; Spagou, Konstantina; Vlachou, Maria; Pouliopoulos, Athanasios; Thessalonikeos, E.; Tsoukali, Heleni

doi:10.2174/1874402800902010012

Cited by 9 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 16 publications

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“…Chicken tissue UAE using TCA and citrate buffer (pH 4.0), and purification by SPE HPLC-DAD environment, these techniques are, to a greater extent, expensive and laborious, and are also characterized by automation difficulty [82,83]. In view of that, attention has been devoted to the development and implementation of simpler and eco-friendlier extraction methodologies [84].…”

Section: Solvent Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of the main foodstuff sample preparation technologies for tetracycline residue determination

Pérez-Rodríguez

Pellerano

Pezza

et al. 2018

Talanta

142

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Tetracyclines are widely used for both the treatment and prevention of diseases in animals as well as for the promotion of rapid animal growth and weight gain. This practice may result in trace amounts of these drugs in products of animal origin, such as milk and eggs, posing serious risks to human health. The presence of tetracycline residues in foods can lead to the transmission of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria through the food chain. In order to ensure food safety and avoid exposure to these substances, national and international regulatory agencies have established tolerance levels for authorized veterinary drugs, including tetracycline antimicrobials. In view of that, numerous sensitive and specific methods have been developed for the quantification of these compounds in different food matrices. One will note, however, that the determination of trace residues in foods such as milk and eggs often requires extensive sample extraction and preparation prior to conducting instrumental analysis. Sample pretreatment is usually the most complicated step in the analytical process and covers both cleaning and pre-concentration. Optimal sample preparation can reduce analysis time and sources of error, enhance sensitivity, apart from enabling unequivocal identification, confirmation and quantification of target analytes. The development and implementation of more environmentally friendly analytical procedures, which involve the use of less hazardous solvents and smaller sample sizes compared to traditional methods, is a rapidly increasing trend in analytical chemistry. This review seeks to provide an updated overview of the main trends in sample preparation for the determination of tetracycline residues in foodstuffs. The applicability of several extraction and clean-up techniques employed in the analysis of foodstuffs, especially milk and egg samples, is also thoroughly discussed.

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Section: Solvent Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of the main foodstuff sample preparation technologies for tetracycline residue determination

Pérez-Rodríguez

Pellerano

Pezza

et al. 2018

Talanta

142

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Development and validation of a simple and rapid thin-layer chromatography–UV densitometry method for the determination of triazophos in human whole blood for forensic toxicological applications

Sanganalmath

Nagaraju²,

Sreeramulu

2020

JPC-J Planar Chromat

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Liquid–Liquid Extraction and Solid Phase Extraction for Urinary Organic Acids: A Comparative Study from a Resource Constraint Setting

et al. 2016

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Pre analytical process of extraction for accurate detection of organic acids is a crucial step in diagnosis of organic acidemias by GCMS analysis. This process is accomplished either by solid phase extraction (SPE) or by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). Both extraction procedures are used in different metabolic laboratories all over the world. In this study we compared these two extraction procedures in respect of precision, accuracy, percent recovery of metabolites, number of metabolites isolated, time and cost in a resource constraint setup. We observed that the mean recovery from SPE was 84.1 % and by LLE it was 77.4 % (p value \0.05). Moreover, the average number of metabolites isolated by SPE and LLE was 161.8 ± 18.6 and 140.1 ± 20.4 respectively. The processing cost of LLE was economical. In a cost constraint setting using LLE may be the practical option if used for organic acid analysis.

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Development of a Liquid-Liquid Extraction Procedure for the Analysis of Amphetamine in Biological Specimens by GC-FID

Cited by 9 publications

References 16 publications

An overview of the main foodstuff sample preparation technologies for tetracycline residue determination

An overview of the main foodstuff sample preparation technologies for tetracycline residue determination

Development and validation of a simple and rapid thin-layer chromatography–UV densitometry method for the determination of triazophos in human whole blood for forensic toxicological applications

Liquid–Liquid Extraction and Solid Phase Extraction for Urinary Organic Acids: A Comparative Study from a Resource Constraint Setting

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