Development of a medical education program with abdominal palpation simulators to support the understanding of traditional Japanese (kampo) medicine in beginners

Abstract

Aim Traditional Japanese (kampo) medicine has recently been included in the medical education curriculum in Japan; hence, an education program in kampo physical examination for beginners is needed. The aim of the present study was to develop an education program using a simulator of kampo abdominal palpation that would enable beginners to acquire this skill, and to assess the effectiveness and usefulness of the education program. Methods First, we conducted a preliminary trial. Fifteen beginners received a lecture about abdominal findings and the associated representative kampo formulas and underwent a simulator palpation test. Following this trial, we created and conducted a 1 day education program as a prospective study. The program included a general lecture on physical examination in kampo medicine, followed by a pre‐test assessment involving palpation of the simulators, a specific lecture about abdominal palpation, and finally a post‐test assessment. The pre‐ and post‐test accuracy rates were evaluated. Results High accuracy rates were obtained in the preliminary trial, but the research protocol did not enable an assessment of the effectiveness or usefulness of the trial. In the subsequent education program, 41 participants had significantly higher accuracy rates after the lecture than before the lecture, in both abdominal findings (from 78.2% to 94.4% on average, P < 0.001) and in the associated representative kampo formulas (from 21.8% to 59.7% on average, P < 0.001). Conclusion An education program using simulators for kampo abdominal palpation can be effective and useful for beginners in kampo medicine.

Kampo Formula-Pattern Models: The Development of 13 New Clinically Useful Standard Abdominal Pattern Models in the Fukushin Simulator

“…More recently, we conducted a practical session on abdominal diagnosis using the current version of the Fukushin simulator with medical students, and 98.4% of the students gave positive feedback (Yakubo et al, 2014b). Arita et al developed an education program including a general lecture on physical examination in Kampo medicine, followed by a pre-test assessment involving palpation of the simulators, a specific lecture about abdominal palpation, and finally a post-test assessment (Arita et al, 2019). Their education program using simulators for Kampo abdominal palpation can be effective and useful for beginners in Kampo medicine.…”

Effective learning strategies for Japanese Kampo medicine using problem‐based learning and simulator training for medical students: A questionnaire survey

“…The best educational effect observed in our study appeared after we added abdominal examination simulator training. A previous study reported that the introduction of an abdominal examination simulator improved the educational effect among beginners learning Kampo medicine [1]. Using the abdominal examination simulator allowed the learners to experience a practical examination method, and thus, could easily imagine the clinical situation in traditional Kampo clinical reasoning, which started the learning cycle.…”

“…Particularly the abdominal examination was difficult to learn because it is sensory and subjective. To learn this method of abdominal examination, an abdominal examination simulator was developed and has been used in education [1].…”