Development of a miniature clark-type oxygen electrode using semiconductor techniques and its improvement for practical applications

Suzuki, Hiroaki; Kojima, Naomi; Sugama, Atsushi; Takei, Fumio

doi:10.1016/0925-4005(90)85003-h

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…After 50 min, the difference of the relative responses from the first response gradually increased and reached 10%. This result might be caused by the overaccumulation of hydrogen peroxide on the working electrode as well as by the crosstalk between the byproducts from the counter electrode during continuous operation [4][5][6][7]. The fluctuation of the response can be retarded using a gel electrolyte [7].…”

Section: Stability and Reproducibilitymentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In the present fabrication, the oxygen-permeable membrane below the PDMS container readily and strongly adhered to the glass substrate due to the PDMS container-glass bonding. This greatly reduced the failure ratio which is usually high in dip-or spin-coating fabrication [3][4][5][6]8,9]. Fig.…”

Section: Fabrication Of Miniature Clark Oxygen Sensormentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Additionally, the adhesion force of the oxygen-permeable membrane to the electrode surface also affects the durability of miniature Clark sensors. Generally, the membrane is immobilized with a physical adhesion force using dipping [4][5][6]8], spinning [3,9], casting [10], or glue-assisted techniques [2]. In the present fabrication, the oxygen-permeable membrane below the PDMS container readily and strongly adhered to the glass substrate due to the PDMS container-glass bonding.…”

Section: Fabrication Of Miniature Clark Oxygen Sensormentioning

confidence: 98%

“…It is necessary to consider the following aspects for fabricating a reliable sensor: (1) the fabrication and configuration of electrochemical electrodes in order to reduce the electrochemical crosstalk between different electrodes, (2) miniaturization techniques of the reference electrode for a longer lifetime and a more stable potential, (3) fixation and characteristics of internal electrolyte using different hydrogels or various types of electrolytes, and (4) bonding strategies and durability of the oxygen-permeable membrane and the detector substrate. Suzuki and coworkers have significantly improved the above aspects [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] and employed the sensors practically in biological measurements [12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Among the various tools to determine oxygen, the Clark-type oxygen sensor is the most widely used and has been applied in clinical analysis, fermentation monitoring, and biosensor development [1]. In the past two decades, owing to the progress in semiconductor and micromachining techniques, various types of miniature Clark-type oxygen sensors have been proposed [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. It is necessary to consider the following aspects for fabricating a reliable sensor: (1) the fabrication and configuration of electrochemical electrodes in order to reduce the electrochemical crosstalk between different electrodes, (2) miniaturization techniques of the reference electrode for a longer lifetime and a more stable potential, (3) fixation and characteristics of internal electrolyte using different hydrogels or various types of electrolytes, and (4) bonding strategies and durability of the oxygen-permeable membrane and the detector substrate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Fabrication of miniature Clark oxygen sensor integrated with microstructure

Yasukawa

Shiku

et al. 2005

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

101

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Section: Stability and Reproducibilitymentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Fabrication Of Miniature Clark Oxygen Sensormentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Fabrication Of Miniature Clark Oxygen Sensormentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Fabrication of miniature Clark oxygen sensor integrated with microstructure

Yasukawa

Shiku

et al. 2005

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

101

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Determination of oxygen gradients in engineered tissue using a fluorescent sensor

Kellner

Liebsch

Klimant

et al. 2002

Biotech & Bioengineering

226

179

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Nutrient and oxygen supply of cells are crucial to tissue engineering in general. If a sufficient supply cannot be maintained, the development of the tissue will slow down or even fail completely. Previous studies on oxygen supply have focused on measurement of oxygen partial pressures (pO(2)) in culture media or described the use of invasive techniques with spatially limited resolution. The experimental setup described here allows for continuous, noninvasive, high-resolution pO(2) measurements over the cross-section of cultivated tissues. Applying a recently developed technique for time-resolved pO(2) sensing using optical sensor foils, containing luminescent O(2)-sensitive indicator dyes, we were able to monitor and analyze gradients in the oxygen supply in a tissue over a 3-week culture period. Cylindrical tissue samples were immobilized on top of the sensors. By measuring the luminescence decay time, two-dimensional pO(2) distributions across the tissue section in contact with the foil surface were determined. We applied this technique to cartilage explants and to tissue-engineered cartilage. For both tissue types, changes were detected in monotonously decreasing gradients of pO(2) from the surface with high pO(2) to minimum pO(2) values in the center of the samples. Nearly anoxic conditions were observed in tissue constructs ( approximately 0 Torr) but not in excised cartilage discs ( approximately 20 Torr) after 1 day. Furthermore, the oxygen supply seemed to strongly depend on cell density and cell function. Additionally, histological analysis revealed a maximum depth of approximately 1.3 mm of regular cartilage development in constructs grown under the applied culture conditions. Correlating analytical and histological analysis with the oxygen distributions, we found that pO(2) values below 11 Torr might impair proper tissue development in the center. The results illustrate that the method developed is an ideal one to precisely assess the oxygen demand of cartilage cultures.

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