Development of a new endosseous dental implant. Part I: Animal studies

Osseoincorporation of Porous Tantalum Trabecular-Structured Metal: A Histologic and Histomorphometric Study in Humans

“…Titanium fiber mesh dental implants introduced in the 1970s featured a high degree of porosity, similar to PTTM. 27 While partial bone ingrowth into the material was documented in animals, the implants were also subject to soft tissue ingrowth and fibrous tissue encapsulation. 27 Such results may be attributable at least in part to the implant design.…”

“…27 While partial bone ingrowth into the material was documented in animals, the implants were also subject to soft tissue ingrowth and fibrous tissue encapsulation. 27 Such results may be attributable at least in part to the implant design. The implant lacked threads for stabilization in bone and was a one-piece device that included a transmucosal abutment post that extended into the oral cavity at the time of implant placement.…”

Bone Ingrowth and Initial Stability of Titanium and Porous Tantalum Dental Implants

“…Techniques have included grit-blasting, acid-etching, surface coatings, or a combination of treatments. [13][14][15] A highly porous tantalum material has been developed with a structure and stiffness similar to trabecular bone. 10 However, bone growth into sintered bead and other porous surfaces has been limited by the degree of surface porosity and pore size of the coating.…”

“…[7][8][9] Implants with sintered bead surfaces have been theorized to advantageously tolerate micromotion because bone growth into the surface pores would resist micromovements at the bone-implant interface. 15,16 It is fabricated by coating a vitreous carbon scaffold with vaporized tantalum, which results in a textured surface with up to 80% porosity. 11,12 In addition, porous surfaces have become compromised in vivo by soft tissue encapsulation if the implant lacked adequate mechanical and/or frictional resistance to micromotion.…”

“…10 However, bone growth into sintered bead and other porous surfaces has been limited by the degree of surface porosity and pore size of the coating. 15,17 This porous tantalum material has high frictional characteristics that potentially facilitate initial implant stability against adjacent bone. [13][14][15] A highly porous tantalum material has been developed with a structure and stiffness similar to trabecular bone.…”