Development of an analytical strategy to identify and classify the global chemical constituents of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen by using UHPLC with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry combined with multiple data‐processing approaches

Abstract

According to traditional Chinese medical theory, Ziziphi Spinosae Semen needs to be stir-fried before clinical application for its sedative-hypnotic effect enhancement. A rapid and comprehensive analysis strategy of ultra high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and multiple data analysis platforms was developed for the efficient and sensitive identification of components in crude and parched Ziziphi Spinosae Semen to explore the composition changes that happen during the stir-frying process. Both positive and negative ion modes were applied for mass spectrometry detection, and 40 components were identified from crude and parched Ziziphi Spinosae Semen, respectively. Principal component analysis and t-test were applied to find differences between crude and parched Ziziphi Spinosae Semen. As a result, Ziziphi Spinosae Semen samples could be clearly divided into two groups according to their processing methods, and 19 key markers that contributed to the classification significantly (P < 0.05) were found. This kind of change in contents of components might be responsible for the recommended clinical application of parched Ziziphi Spinosae Semen.

Antiarrhythmic Mechanisms of Chinese Herbal Medicine Dingji Fumai Decoction

“…In our future report, we aim to show the multi-ion channel mechanism of DFD. In addition, with the development of mass spectrometry, multiple constituents of the components of DFD have been analyzed and characterized in recent years [29][30][31][32][33][34]. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that the components of DFD have anti-inflammatory [35][36][37][38][39], antioxidative stress [40][41][42], and myocardial protection [42][43][44][45] effects.…”

Purification of spinosin from Ziziphi Spinosae Semen using macroporous resins followed by preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography

“…var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chou, is a well‐known traditional Chinese medicine that has been used to treat anxiety and insomnia for thousands of years in China . Modern pharmacological research shows that the extract of ZS possesses many kinds of biological activities including a sedative‐hypnotic effect , an antidepressant effect , an anxiolytic effect , and so on.…”

“…var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chou, is a wellknown traditional Chinese medicine that has been used to treat anxiety and insomnia for thousands of years in China [1,2]. Modern pharmacological research shows that the extract of ZS possesses many kinds of biological activities including a Article Related Abbreviations: BV, bed volume; prep-HPLC, preparative high-performance liquid chromatography; ZS, Ziziphi Spinosae Semen.…”

Validation of an analytical method using UPLC–MS/MS to quantify four bioactive components in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic study of traditional and dispensing granules decoction of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen

“…Modern pharmacological studies showed that ZSS is effective in treating insomnia, anxiety, neurasthenic, and depression (Xiao, Wang, Luo, & Lu, ). C‐glycoside flavonoids and saponins are the major constituents of ZSS (Zhang et al, ; Zhang, Zhang, & Xie, ; Zhu et al, ), such as spinosin, 6′′′‐feruloylspinosin, jujuboside A, and jujuboside B. These components exhibited neuroprotective (Liu et al, ; Xu et al, ), sedative, and hypnotic (Wang, Ma, Xie, & Pang, ) effects, and are beneficial for treating cognitive dysfunction (Lee et al, ).…”

“…Recently, much attention has been paid to the chemical profiling of ZSS and pharmacokinetic study of one or two compounds of ZSS using LC–MS. For instance, Zhu and coworkers () identified 40 components from crude and parched ZSS using UPLC‐Q‐TOF/MS. Moreover, Liu and coworkers () studied pharmacokinetic behavior of jujuboside A in rats.…”