Development of an ELISA for 2,4-D: characterization of two polyclonal antisera

Abstract

A direct competitive ELISA for the detection of the herbicide 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) has been developed. The optimization, evaluation and characterization of the ELISA, with two different antisera, has been carried out. The detection limit of 2,4-D with antiserum 7/89 was 20 ng/l and a center point value of 0.6 g/l 2,4-D. Antiserum 16/88 showed a detection limit of 0.3 g/l with a center point value of 4 g/l. The cross reactivity both at the center point and at the detection limit for five structural related phenoxycarboxylic acid herbicides has been determined. The influence of increasing concentrations of humic acid, solvents and surfactants on the ELISA has been investigated, leading to a deterioration of detection limits and center points.

Multiplex microarray ELISA versus classical ELISA, a comparison study of pollutant sensing for environmental analysis

“…Linear ranges from 10 mg L À1 to 1 g L À1 , from 10 mg L À1 to 10 mg L À1 and from 10 mg L À1 to 1 g L À1 were found for 2,4-D, OA and TNT, respectively. Even if the sensitivity achieved with these ELISAs was lower than that previously described by other groups (LOD down to 6-20 ng L À1 ), [24][25][26][27] the LOD obtained using these three ELISAs was in good agreement with the EU and US regulations, [28][29][30] but as demonstrated in Table 1 determining three compounds at the same time was really time and reagent consuming.…”

A multichannel electrochemical detector coupled with an ELISA microtiter plate for the immunoassay of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

“…in inter-assay (n = 3) was less than 20%. The detection limit obtained in this work was similar to that of ELISAs [18][19][20]. Compared to ELISA method with the expensive ELISA reader, the price for analyzing 2,4-D with the electrochemical detector herein was cheap.…”

“…The highly permissible concentration of a specific herbicide in drinking water set by European Union (EU) is 0.1 ng/ml. In the last years, besides ELISAs incorporating microtiter plates with a plate reader based on spectrophotometric technique for the analysis of 2,4-D [18][19][20], 2,4-D was often used as a model analyte for the development of immunosensors. Dozens of 2,4-D immunosensors using different labels, immobilization supports, and transduction systems were reported [5,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29].…”

Rapid immuno‐monitoring of inoculant plant growth‐promoting microorganisms

“…Possible limitations of this approach inherent in immunological methods should be acknowledged; antigenic cross reactions to some of the native cultivable strains present in unsterilised carrier media may reduce the potential of the method 12. For inoculant products as prepared in reference 5 this should not cause a significant problem given the relatively low numbers of such background strains in peat compared to the inoculant strains used in higher numbers.…”