Development of an HPLC–MS procedure for the quantification of N-acetyl-S-(n-propyl)-l-cysteine, the major urinary metabolite of 1-bromopropane in human urine

Cheever, Kenneth L.; Marlow, K.L.; B’Hymer, Clayton; Hanley, Kevin W.; Lynch, Dennis W.

doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.02.010

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…However, in the occupational population, the detection rate of 1-BP in the urine of exposure groups was 41.0%. This difference might be explained by the different metabolic rates of 1-BP and its rapid elimination in exhaled breath due to its volatile nature (Cheever et al, 2009; Zhen et al, 2015). AcPrCys was detected in all rat exposure groups in a dose-dependent manner.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers of exposure and effect in the serum and urine of rats or workers exposed to 1-bromopropane

Zhang

Xiao

et al. 2022

Toxicol Ind Health

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Extensively used in several industries in China as a cleaning agent, 1-bromopropane (1-BP) has significant adverse effects on the central nervous system. However, neither its mechanism of action nor sensitive biomarkers related to it have been determined thus far. In this study, animal experiments and occupational surveys were performed to explore the typical exposure and effect biomarkers of neurotoxicity induced by 1-BP. Male Wistar rats were exposed to 0, 500, or 1000 ppm of 1-BP followed by pathological and biomarker analyses. An epidemiological survey was conducted on 71 workers each from 1-BP exposed and control groups. Serum and urine samples were collected for biomarker testing. cNSE represents neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in the cerebral cortex, where as sNSE represents NSE in the serum; similar terminology applies to S-100β, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). In rats exposed to 1000 ppm 1-BP, pathological changes were observed in Purkinje cells, lumbar gray matter, and tibiofibular nerve, while levels of cNSE, cS-100β, cCOX-2, sS-100β, and sCOX-2 were significantly elevated at different time checkpoints. In the 500 ppm group, cCOX-2, sNSE, and sCOX-2 levels were significantly elevated at different time checkpoints. 1-BP and N-acetyl-S-(n-propyl)-L-cysteine (AcPrCys) were detected in rat urine, and there was a correlation between the level of sNSE or sCOX-2 and AcPrCys in the 500 ppm group. In the occupational epidemiological study, a significant correlation between AcPrCys and exposure concentration was also detected. The findings of this study indicated that AcPrCys was a sensitive exposure biomarker of 1-BP in rats as well as occupational populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers of exposure and effect in the serum and urine of rats or workers exposed to 1-bromopropane

Zhang

Xiao

et al. 2022

Toxicol Ind Health

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“…Investigation of this mercapturate and one oxidative metabolite precursor, 3-bromopropionic acid (3-BPA), as potential biomarkers of 1-BP exposure in highly exposed workers was performed in this laboratory (Mathias et al, 2012). HPLC/MS was used to quantify urinary mercapturates of 1-BP (Cheever et al, 2009) where the direct GSH conjugate, n -propylmercapturate was predominate in urine specimens taken from the most heavily exposed workers. The same urine samples when analyzed for 3-BPA using GC/MS (B'Hymer & Cheever, 2004) contained no 3-BPA.…”

Section: -Bromopropanementioning

confidence: 99%

Mercapturic acids: recent advances in their determination by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and their use in toxicant metabolism studies and in occupational and environmental exposure studies

Mathias

B’Hymer

2016

Biomarkers

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This review describes recent selected HPLC/MS methods for the determination of urinary mercapturates that are useful as non-invasive biomarkers in characterizing human exposure to electrophilic industrial chemicals in occupational and environmental studies. High performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry is a sensitive and specific method for analysis of small molecules found in biological fluids. In this review, recent selected mercapturate quantification methods are summarized and specific cases are presented. The biological formation of mercapturates is introduced and their use indicators of metabolic processing of reactive toxicants is discussed, as well as future trends and limitations in this area of research.

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“…Research performed in this laboratory investigated the use of these mercapturates and one oxidative metabolite, 3-bromopropionic acid (3-BPA), as potential biomarkers of 1-BP exposure in highly exposed workers [51]. Urinary mercapturates were quantified by HPLC/MS [13] where the direct GSH conjugate, n-propylmercapturate was predominated in the most heavily exposed worker urine specimens. When the same urine samples were analyzed for 3-BPA using GC/MS [52], no 3-BPA was detected.…”

Section: Mercapturates As Biomarkers Of Metabolic Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey of liquid chromatographic–mass spectrometric analysis of mercapturic acid biomarkers in occupational and environmental exposure monitoring

Mathias

B’Hymer

2014

Journal of Chromatography B

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High-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) is sensitive and specific for targeted quantitative analysis and is readily utilized for small molecules from biological matricies. This brief review describes recent selected HPLC/MS methods for the determination of urinary mercapturic acids (mercapturates) which are useful as biomarkers in characterizing human exposure to electrophilic industrial chemicals in occupational and environmental studies. Electrophilic compounds owing to their reactivity are used in chemical and industrial processes. They are present in industrial emissions, are combustion products of fossil fuels, and are components in tobacco smoke. Their presence in both the industrial and general environment are of concern for human and environmental health. Urinary mercapturates which are the products of metabolic detoxification of reactive chemicals provide a non-invasive tool to investigate human exposure to electrophilic toxicants. Selected recent mercapturate quantification methods are summarized and specific cases are presented. The biological formation of mercapturates is introduced and their use as biomarkers of metabolic processing of electrophilic compounds is discussed. Also, the use of liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry in simultaneous determinations of the mercapturates of multiple parent compounds in a single determination is considered, as well as future trends and limitations in this area of research.

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Development of an HPLC–MS procedure for the quantification of N-acetyl-S-(n-propyl)-l-cysteine, the major urinary metabolite of 1-bromopropane in human urine

Cited by 19 publications

References 34 publications

Biomarkers of exposure and effect in the serum and urine of rats or workers exposed to 1-bromopropane

Biomarkers of exposure and effect in the serum and urine of rats or workers exposed to 1-bromopropane

Mercapturic acids: recent advances in their determination by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and their use in toxicant metabolism studies and in occupational and environmental exposure studies

A survey of liquid chromatographic–mass spectrometric analysis of mercapturic acid biomarkers in occupational and environmental exposure monitoring

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