Development of Antimicrobial Coatings by Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Using a Guanidine-Based Precursor

Abstract

Antimicrobial coatings deposited onto ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) films were investigated using an atmospheric pressure -plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (AP-PECVD) process. Varying concentrations of a guanidine-based liquid precursor, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine, were used, and different deposition conditions were studied. Attenuated total reflectance -Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) were used to study the chemical structure and elemental composition of the coatings. Conformity, morphology, and coating thickness were assessed through SEM and AFM. Optimal AP-PECVD parameters were chosen and applied to deposit guanidine coatings onto woven fabrics. The coatings exhibited high antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) based on a modified-AATCC 100 test standard, where 2−5 log reductions were achieved.

Emerging porous organic polymers for biomedical applications

“…Guanidinium is another type of charged moiety and guanidinium-based polymeric materials were previously reported to demonstrate antimicrobial properties. 276,277 This moiety can also be introduced into POPs for antibacterial applications. Recently, Banerjee's group reported a series of guanidinium-based iCONs with antimicrobial properties.…”

Vapor-Deposited Biointerfaces and Bacteria: An Evolving Conversation

“…One such application witnessed a 5log reduction of S. aureus and E. coli growth after contacting a guanidine-derived (1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine) polymer coating for 2 h (see Table 2 for illustrations of the macromolecules named in Sections 2−5 of this review). 116 The coating was deposited using atmospheric pressure plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (AP-PECVD). Another used iCVD to coat fabrics (i.e., nylon fibers) with nearly 200 nm of poly(dimethylaminomethylstyrene) (PDMAMS) and caused a 6-log reduction in viable E. coli over the course of 60 min.…”

“…The antimicrobial activity is often made possible by functionalizing the polymer side chains with biocidal moieties (e.g., quaternary ammonium or antimicrobial peptides). One such application witnessed a 5-log reduction of S. aureus and E. coli growth after contacting a guanidine-derived (1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine) polymer coating for 2 h (see Table for illustrations of the macromolecules named in Sections 2−5 of this review) . The coating was deposited using atmospheric pressure plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (AP-PECVD).…”

Sulfaguanidine nanofiltration active layer towards anti-adhesive and antimicrobial attributes for desalination and dye removal

“…Polymers containing guanidine or biguanidine groups have attracted substantial interest and proved to be effective cationic antimicrobial and biocidal agents. 25,26 The guanidine-based polymers have shown outperforming properties over other antimicrobials, such as the exceptional broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, excellent biocide efficiency and low toxicity to mammalian, thus enjoy increasing applications in industry, therapy and the clinic. 27,28 The antibacterial activity of polymeric guanidine is ascribed to the progressive interaction between the cationic guanidine and the negatively charged groups including phospholipids, proteins and lipopolysaccharides on the bacterial cell membrane surface.…”