Development of bacterial resistance to several biocides and effects on antibiotic susceptibility

Walsh, Stephen; Maillard, Jean‐Yves; Russell, A. D.; Catrenich, Carl E.; Charbonneau, Duane; Bartolo, Robert G.

doi:10.1016/s0195-6701(03)00240-8

Cited by 144 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…There have been concerns raised 92 about the wisdom of including triclosan and other biocides in so many commonly used household products, because there may be a link between their use and antibiotic resistance. [93][94][95][96] Such claims have been the subject of considerable research and debate about triclosan's mode of action and the possibility of the development of antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria.…”

Section: Microbial Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Is there a role for triclosan/copolymer toothpaste in the management of periodontal disease?

et al. 2009

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Section: Microbial Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Is there a role for triclosan/copolymer toothpaste in the management of periodontal disease?

et al. 2009

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“…1). The phenomenon of cross-susceptibility has been observed in several previous investigations (17,22,34,35), where links between antibiotics and decreased microbicide susceptibility in bacteria have been demonstrated in vitro (14,17). In a recent study, exposure of Burkholderia cepacia to low concentrations of either CHX or BAC resulted in variable reductions in antibiotic susceptibility (36).…”

Section: Table 2 Correlation Of Responses To Different Antibiotics Acmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Investigations into the potential of microbicides to select for reduced microbicide susceptibility in bacteria and induce cross-resistance to antibiotics have largely been conducted by evaluating susceptibility changes following the exposure of bacteria to microbicides in simple aqueous solution (17). In such experiments, the susceptibility of the exposed bacteria has been reported to decrease for certain combinations of a bacterium and a microbicide either transiently or stably (26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mechanisms of cross-resistance have been more extensively investigated and include nonspecific reductions in cell permeability, active efflux of the compound from the bacterial cell, or the acquisition of mutations in shared target sites (14,17). Antibiotics such as aminoglycosides enter the cell through a mechanism of self-promoted uptake (38), whereby they displace cations in the bacterial cell envelope, leading to the reorganization of lipopolysaccharide, which may facilitate antibiotic entry.…”

Section: Table 2 Correlation Of Responses To Different Antibiotics Acmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evidence that microbicides can select for reduced microbicide susceptibility in the environment is limited, with the majority of reports relating to in vitro exposure (17). Similarly, little evidence to firmly link microbicide/antibiotic cross-resistance to microbi-cide use has emerged (18)(19)(20)(21).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variable Effects of Exposure to Formulated Microbicides on Antibiotic Susceptibility in Firmicutes and Proteobacteria

Forbes

Knight

Cowley

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Microbicides are broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents that generally interact with multiple pharmacological targets. While they are widely deployed in disinfectant, antiseptic, and preservative formulations, data relating to their potential to select for microbicide or antibiotic resistance have been generated mainly by testing the compounds in much simpler aqueous solutions. In the current investigation, antibiotic susceptibility was determined for bacteria that had previously exhibited decreased microbicide susceptibility following repeated exposure to microbicides either in formulation with sequestrants and surfactants or in simple aqueous solution. Statistically significant increases in antibiotic susceptibility occurred for 12% of bacteria after exposure to microbicides in formulation and 20% of bacteria after exposure to microbicides in aqueous solutions, while 22% became significantly less susceptible to the antibiotics, regardless of formulation. Of the combinations of a bacterium and an antibiotic for which British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy breakpoints are available, none became resistant. Linear modeling taking into account phylogeny, microbicide, antibiotic, and formulation identified small but significant effects of formulation that varied depending on the bacterium and microbicide. Adaptation to formulated benzalkonium chloride in particular was more likely to increase antibiotic susceptibility than adaptation to the simple aqueous solution. In conclusion, bacterial adaptation through repeated microbicide exposure was associated with both increases and decreases in antibiotic susceptibility. Formulation of the microbicide to which the bacteria had previously adapted had an identifiable effect on antibiotic susceptibility, but it effect was typically small relative to the differences observed among microbicides. Susceptibility changes resulting in resistance were not observed. IMPORTANCEThe safety of certain microbicide applications has been questioned due to the possibility that microbicide exposure could select for microbicide and antibiotic resistance. Evidence that this may happen is based mainly on in vitro experiments where bacteria have been exposed to microbicides in aqueous solution. Microbicides are, however, normally deployed in products formulated with surfactants, sequestrants, and other compounds. While this may influence the frequency and extent of susceptibility changes, few studies reported in the literature have assessed this. In the current investigation, therefore, we have investigated changes in antibiotic susceptibility in bacteria which exhibited decreased microbicide susceptibility following repeated exposure to microbicides in simple aqueous solutions and in formulation. We report that the microbicide formulation had an identifiable effect on antibiotic susceptibility, but it was typically small relative to the differences observed among microbicides. We did not observe susceptibility changes resulting in resistance.

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Microbial susceptibility and resistance to chemical and physical agents

Russell

2010

Topley &Amp; Wilson's Microbiology and Microbial Infections

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Development of bacterial resistance to several biocides and effects on antibiotic susceptibility

Cited by 144 publications

References 32 publications

Is there a role for triclosan/copolymer toothpaste in the management of periodontal disease?

Is there a role for triclosan/copolymer toothpaste in the management of periodontal disease?

Variable Effects of Exposure to Formulated Microbicides on Antibiotic Susceptibility in Firmicutes and Proteobacteria

Microbial susceptibility and resistance to chemical and physical agents

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