Development of Chitosan/Bacterial Cellulose Composite Films Containing Nanodiamonds as a Potential Flexible Platform for Wound Dressing

Abstract

Chitosan/bacterial cellulose composite films containing diamond nanoparticles (NDs) with potential application as wound dressing are introduced. Microstructural studies show that NDs are uniformly dispersed in the matrix, although slight agglomeration at concentrations above 2 wt % is seen. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy reveals formation of hydrogen bonds between NDs and the polymer matrix. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates reduced crystallinity of the polymer matrix in the presence of NDs. Approximately 3.5-fold increase in the elastic modulus of the composite film is obtained by the addition of 2 wt % NDs. The results of colorimetric analysis show that the composite films are transparent but turn to gray-like and semitransparent at high ND concentrations. Additionally, a decrease in highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) gap is also seen, which results in a red shift and higher absorption intensity towards the visible region. Mitochondrial activity assay using L929 fibroblast cells shows that the nanocomposite films are biocompatible (>90%) after 24 h incubation. Multiple lamellapodia and cell-cell interaction are shown. The results suggest that the developed films can potentially be used as a flexible platform for wound dressing.

Comprehensive evaluation of carboxylated nanodiamond as a topical drug delivery system

“…[4][5][6] Although ND is emerging as a promising nanomaterial in various areas, a few studies have been performed on the application of ND in topical drug delivery systems. 7,8 One of the main reasons may be poor dispersibility of ND in liquid and semisolid formulations.…”

Physicochemical and Antibacterial Properties of Composite Films Based on Bacterial Cellulose and Chitosan for Wound Dressing Materials

“…Our previous studies showed that the addition of Ch possessing antibacterial properties in culture medium strongly inhibited the A. xylinus growth and BC formation (data not shown). It should be noted that this method could be successful either with application of Ch of a molecular weight not more than 30.000-80.000 Da [19], or upon addition of culture medium plasticizers such as glycerol [9], or use of water soluble Ch, obtained by a special chemical treatment [20]. However, the addition of such forms of Ch during BC synthesis reduced the mechanical properties of cellulose and antibacterial properties of chitosan itself [21].…”

“…Upon preparation of antibacterial films cellulose can be combined with several materials to improve antibacterial properties of cellulose. Creation of the antimicrobial wound coverings usually includes addition of antibiotics and antiseptics, different forms of colloid silver and its nanoparticles [8,9]. However, many causative agents of wound infections have multiple resistance to antibiotics.…”

Defined Host–Guest Chemistry on Nanocarbon for Sustained Inhibition of Cancer

“…MTT assay was performed on MCF-7 cells (10 4 cells per well) in 96-well plate using the previously established method. [52] Briefly, 24 h after plating the cells, they were treated with the samples at concentrations ranging from 1.5 × 10 −6 M to 50 × 10 −6 M. After 44 h, 20 μL of MTT solution (5 mg mL −1 ) was added to the growth medium and the cells were incubated for an additional 4 h. Subsequently, the solution was removed and replaced by 200 μL of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to solubilize formazan blue crystals. Absorption was read on multiwell plate reader machine (BioTek Synergy HT, US) using the standard wavelengths of 592 nm.…”