Development of current measurement techniques for high frequency power converters

Biglarbegian, Mehrdad; Nibir, Shahriar Jalal; Jafarian, Hamidreza; Parkhideh, Babak

doi:10.1109/intlec.2016.7749133

Cited by 31 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In designing the power measurement circuit, several current measurement techniques were considered. Hall effect sensors though simple to integrate are limited to sub-MHz bandwidths [33], [34] which make them unsuitable for the multi-MHz range required for ultrasound therapy. Current sense transformers are frequently used to perform galvanically isolated current measurements, and are capable of measurements of ≫10 MHz, however, when such transformers are miniaturized, they suffer from limited bandwidth -for example the CST7030 series by Coilcraft [35], fairly representative of currently available transformers, are limited to sub-MHz.…”

Section: B Current Measurement Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Current shunts are the simplest method of measuring current by measuring the voltage drop across a series element. Approaches for shunt measurements come in various forms, from using a series resistor, to using the on-state resistance of MOS-FETs in a converter bridge [33], [38]. It is possible to achieve very high bandwidth and accuracy in measurement, especially with resistive shunts, limited only by the acceptable power loss in the shunt element, and the capabilities of the data converters used.…”

Section: B Current Measurement Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-Power Gallium Nitride HIFU Transmitter With Integrated Real-Time Current and Voltage Measurement

Carpenter

Cowell

Clegg

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst.

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High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) therapy provides a non-invasive technique with which to destroy cancerous tissue without using ionizing radiation. To drive large singleelement HIFU transducers, ultrasound transmitters capable of delivering high powers at relevant frequencies are required. The acoustic power delivered to a transducers focal region will determine the treated area, and due to safety concerns and intervening layers of attenuation, control of this output power is critical.A typical setup involves large inefficient linear power amplifiers to drive the transducer. Switched mode transmitters allow for a more compact drive system with higher efficiencies, with multi-level transmitters allowing control over the output power. Real-time monitoring of power delivered can avoid damage to the transducer and injury to patients due to over treatment, and allow for precise control over the output power.This study demonstrates a transformer-less, high power, switched mode transmit transmitter based on Gallium-Nitride (GaN) transistors that is capable of delivering peak powers up to 1.8 kW at up to 600 Vpp, while operating at frequencies from DC to 5 MHz. The design includes a 12 bit 16 MHz floating Current/Voltage (I-V) measurement circuit to allow real-time high-side monitoring of the power delivered to the transducer allowing use with multi-element transducers.

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Section: B Current Measurement Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Current Measurement Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Power Gallium Nitride HIFU Transmitter With Integrated Real-Time Current and Voltage Measurement

Carpenter

Cowell

Clegg

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst.

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show abstract

“…The resistance is at its maximum when the primary current flows in parallel with the magnetization and at its minimum when the current is perpendicular to the magnetization. AMR sensors are usually used in a Wheatstone bridge configuration and demonstrate a high frequency response up to 1 MHz, that is usually limited by the integrated necessary amplification stages to several hundreds of kHz [128], [146].…”

Section: ) Magnetoresistorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voltage and Current Measuring Technologies for High Voltage Direct Current Supergrids: A Technology Review Identifying the Options for Protection, Fault Location and Automation Applications

et al. 2020

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After the occurrence of a DC-side feeder faults on HVDC transmission systems, protection and fault detection systems are anticipated to minimize their onerous effects, by initiating fault-clearing actions such as selective tripping of circuit breakers. Following the successful fault clearance, a subsequent action of significant importance, is the meticulous estimation of its location as a means to accelerate the line restoration, reduce down-time, limit recovery and repair costs, and hence elevate the overall availability and reliability of the transmission system. In order to capture DC-side fault transients for protection and fault location applications, measuring equipment is required to be placed on HVDC installations. This paper focuses primarily on reviewing the available technologies from the perspective of enabling protection, fault location and automation applications in HVDC systems. The review constitutes a mapping of protection and fault location functions, against the available voltage and current measuring technologies, ultimately unlocking insights for selecting measuring equipment based on the desirable characteristics of protection and fault location systems. The review also revealed that the frequency characteristics of each sensing scheme, primarily refers to the bandwidth of the primary sensor, whereas the overall bandwidth of the complete measuring scheme may be further restricted by the secondary converter and corresponding data acquisition system and signal processing electronics. It was also identified that the use of RC voltage dividers has prevailed for voltage measurements for HVDC applications, due to their superior advantages. The choice of a suitable device for current measurement, depends mainly on the fault detection method used and the frequency range it operates. In particular, the review revealed that fault detection and protection methods are mainly concentrated in a frequency spectrum ranging from a few kHz to 100 kHz, while fault location methods require measurements with a frequency range from 100 kHz up to 2 MHz.

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“…To overcome these problems diverse approaches have been addressed in articles [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. For example, the proposed methods for folding trace technique of Magnet Resistors as well as shielding for Hall effect sensing element [17] could enhance bandwidth for advanced current controlling schemes. Other approaches include mechanisms based on integration and third harmonics of back-EMF, flux and terminal voltage calculation, and discovery of freewheeling diodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Position sensorless and adaptive speed design for controlling brushless DC motor drives

Geraee

Shafiei

Sahami

et al. 2017

2017 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)

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This paper proposes a method for direct torque control of Brushless DC (BLDC) motors. Evaluating the trapezium of back-EMF is needed, and is done via a sliding mode observer employing just one measurement of stator current. The effect of the proposed estimation algorithm is reducing the impact of switching noise and consequently eliminating the required filter. Furthermore, to overcome the uncertainties related to BLDC motors, Recursive Least Square (RLS) is regarded as a real-time estimator of inertia and viscous damping coefficients of the BLDC motor. By substituting the estimated load torque in mechanical dynamic equations, the rotor speed can be calculated. Also, to increase the robustness and decrease the rise time of the system, Modified Model Reference Adaptive System (MMRAS) is applied in order to design a new speed controller. Simulation results confirm the validity of this recommended method. Index Terms-Brushless DC Motor, Direct Torque Control, Model Reference Adaptive System, Sliding Mode Observer

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Development of current measurement techniques for high frequency power converters

Cited by 31 publications

References 19 publications

High-Power Gallium Nitride HIFU Transmitter With Integrated Real-Time Current and Voltage Measurement

High-Power Gallium Nitride HIFU Transmitter With Integrated Real-Time Current and Voltage Measurement

Voltage and Current Measuring Technologies for High Voltage Direct Current Supergrids: A Technology Review Identifying the Options for Protection, Fault Location and Automation Applications

Position sensorless and adaptive speed design for controlling brushless DC motor drives

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