Development of Embedded EM Sensors for Estimating Tensile Forces of PSC Girder Bridges

Kim, Junkyeong; Kim, Juwon; Lee, Chaggil; Park, Seunghee

doi:10.3390/s17091989

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…To estimate the early-age compressive strength of concrete, different types of tests can be used. NDT (non-destructive testing) methods are usually considered to be cost effective and time-saving approaches to estimating the state of structures [7][8][9]. NDT methods for concrete include the rebound/Schmidt hammer test, ultrasonic wave propagation, and techniques that use PZT (piezoelectric) materials [5,[10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Strength Monitoring for Concrete Structures Using EMI Technique Incorporating with Fuzzy Logic

et al. 2018

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This study estimates the strength of a special mixture of high-strength concrete (HSC) with admixtures for use in a nuclear power plant (NPP). Nuclear power plant structures need a HSC with some additional qualities to operate the safe options. For this purpose, the experimented concrete was specially designed to fulfill the required qualities of NPP. For gaining these desirable qualities, it needs to monitor the concrete strength development process. Here, the PZT materials were used as sensors to acquire data by measuring the electromechanical impedance (EMI), and then cross correlation (CC) was calculated to look at changes according to strength development. Data were measured for 28 days, and over this period concrete can gain up to 96% of its design strength. This technique is based on a single sensor. After casting concrete, the PZT material starts vibrating as an actuator to produce vibrations. At the same time, it also works as a sensor to measure the dynamic response of the structure to the vibrations. With strength development, the resonant frequencies of the EMI start changing. To estimate the strength development, a fuzzy logic tool was used to analyze the parameters, allowing for us to estimate and predict the concrete strength. For cross-checking, the estimated strength was compared with the actual strength of concrete; this was determined by examining cuboid cores taken from specimens during experiments at the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 28th days. According to the results, this approach of strength estimation and monitoring the strength development is useful for forecasting the stability of structures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Strength Monitoring for Concrete Structures Using EMI Technique Incorporating with Fuzzy Logic

et al. 2018

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“…This study used the area ratio based on the ratio between the areas at the time of measurement and the baseline to correct for the initial value of the magnetic hysteresis curve 7 Journal of Sensors area for each sensor [18]. Equation 2 was used for the area ratio calculation.…”

Section: Compensation Of Data For General Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The elastomagnetic (EM) sensor was used to measure steel cables of cablestayed bridges [16], and experiments were performed to verify the permeability changes according to the stress and temperature [17]. To measure the magnetic responses of PS tendons that do not appear outside the PSC girder, an embedded EM sensor was proposed [18]. The embedded EM sensor consists of bobbin, primary coil, and secondary coil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Applicability of an Embedded EM Sensor to Measure the Tension of a PSC Girder

Kim

Park

2019

Journal of Sensors

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This study investigates the applicability of an embedded EM sensor using a series of experimental studies. To verify the embedded EM sensor, the magnetic hysteresis of various types of PS tendons is measured. After that, the embedded EM sensor is embedded into the concrete and the possibility of obtaining measurements is verified. Finally, the downscaled PSC girder specimen having a sheath with a different curvature is fabricated and the influence of the sheath curvature is investigated. The magnetic hysteresis was changed constantly even though the type of PS tendon was changed, and the embedded EM sensor can measure the magnetic hysteresis, even in the concrete and curved sheath. The area of magnetic hysteresis was decreased according to the increase in the tension force, but the actual values were different according to the number and cross-sectional area of tendons and the initial state of sensors. To compensate for the measured data, the tensile force was converted to the tensile stress and the area ratio was used to compensate for the initial value of the EM sensor. According to the test results, the embedded EM sensor could be applied to the actual PS girder and it can measure the actual tension, which includes the friction loss.

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“…Based on this method, Joh et al [12] conducted a feasibility study on noncontact stress detection of steel strands. Kim et al [13] proposed a tension monitoring system of a prestressed beam based on an embedded electromagnetic sensor. However, the magnetoelastic method needs to be demagnetized many times before stress measurement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Main Factors of Frequency Variation of LC Resonant Prestress Detection Method

Zhang

Zhao

et al. 2020

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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Stress loss of prestressed steel strands of existing bridges influences their bearing capacity, so it is of great significance to realize the stress detection. A steel strand that has an inductive property is designed into the resonant circuit, which can realize the stress measurement of the steel strands by testing the resonant frequency. This method is a promising approach for the stress detection of the steel strands. Previous research found that structural stress made the permeability of steel strands change due to the influence of magnetoelastic effect. In the process, the length of steel strands is also changed. Therefore, further research needs to be done to verify the main influence parameter affecting the resonant frequency of the circuit. Furthermore, it is very important to know how the stress affects the resonant frequency to realize the detection of the prestressed force of the steel strands. Therefore, in this paper, the relationship between stress and relative permeability and length is analyzed theoretically, and the theory of stress frequency of steel strands is modified and verified by experiments. The stress-frequency experiments of steel strands and aluminum strands with great difference in relative permeability are carried out. Experiments on stress frequencies of 7-Ф15.20 mm steel strands with different lengths are carried out. The influence of length and permeability parameters on resonance frequency is analyzed. The experimental results show that under the same conditions, the resonant frequencies of steel strands and aluminum strands are almost the same on LC electric circuits, and the resonant frequency decreases linearly with the increase of the natural length of the component and increases linearly with the increase of stress. Consequently, compared with the influence of length change on LC electromagnetic resonance frequency, the relative permeability of the stress change component can be ignored. The stress changes the resonant frequency mainly by changing the length of the strands.

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Development of Embedded EM Sensors for Estimating Tensile Forces of PSC Girder Bridges

Cited by 17 publications

References 24 publications

Real-Time Strength Monitoring for Concrete Structures Using EMI Technique Incorporating with Fuzzy Logic

Real-Time Strength Monitoring for Concrete Structures Using EMI Technique Incorporating with Fuzzy Logic

Investigation of Applicability of an Embedded EM Sensor to Measure the Tension of a PSC Girder

Study on the Main Factors of Frequency Variation of LC Resonant Prestress Detection Method

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