Development of energy consumption optimization model for the electric vehicle routing problem with time windows

Xiao, Yiyong; Zuo, Xiaorong; Kaku, Ikou; Zhou, Shenghan; Pan, Xing

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.03.323

Cited by 100 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In addition to the environmental benefits, EVs are also cost effective in comparison with conventional vehicles powered by fossil fuel. The cost of electricity consumed by an EV is approximately one-tenth to one-seventh of the cost of fules consumed by a conventional vehicle when travelling the same distance (Xiao et al, 2019) 1 . Furthermore, if an EV is charged during the low electricity usage period (i.e., at midnight when the unit electricity price is only one-third of its normal price in some provinces of China), the cost can be further reduced by a considerable margin.…”

Section: Of 28mentioning

confidence: 99%

A new formulation of the electric vehicle routing problem with time windows considering concave nonlinear charging function

Zuo

Xiao

Meng

et al. 2019

Journal of Cleaner Production

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The electric vehicle routing problem with time window (EVRPTW) is an extension of the traditional vehicle routing problem with time window (VRPTWs), where new features of electric vehicles are considered, such as limited battery capacities, lack of infrastructures, and long charging time. In this study, new technical formulations were presented for vehicle route selection and charging station visit, which reduces the formulation complexity without using duplicated dummy nodes or arcs. Besides, a new linearization method was developed that employs a set of secant lines to surrogate the concave nonlinear charging function with linear constraints. This method defines the charging time as a continuous variable and uses fewer variables than existing formulation in literature. A mixedinteger linear programming (MILP) model was developed for the EVRPTW and computational experiments on Solomon's VRPTW instances were conducted to verify the proposed model. The experimental results were compared with the results using traditional routing models, which showed that the proposed model can result in better EVs logistics schedules with higher charging time utilizations. One benchmark problem was updated with new best solution.

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Section: Of 28mentioning

confidence: 99%

A new formulation of the electric vehicle routing problem with time windows considering concave nonlinear charging function

Zuo

Xiao

Meng

et al. 2019

Journal of Cleaner Production

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Zhang et al (2019) investigated fleets' willingness to choose alternative fuel vehicles and proposed useful policy recommendations [18]. Xiao et al (2012) and Xiao et al (2019) presented energy consumption models for internal combustion and electric capacitated routing vehicles, respectively [19,20]. Ellingsen et al (2017) investigated the life cycle GHG emissions of lithium-ion traction batteries [21].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Equations (15) and (16) define the number of usable and faulty bikes on the vehicle after the nth stop, respectively. Equations (17)- (20) denote the vehicle's load when it left or arrive at the depot. Equation 21is the capacity constraints of the vehicle.…”

Section: Nkmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards an Energy Efficient Solution for Bike-Sharing Rebalancing Problems: A Battery Electric Vehicle Scenario

2019

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A free-float bike-sharing system faces various operational challenges to maintain good service quality while optimizing the operational cost. The primary problems include the fulfillment of the users demand at all stations, and the replacement of faulty bikes presented in the system. This study focuses on a free-float bike-sharing system rebalancing problem (FFBP) with faulty bikes using battery electric vehicles (BEVs). The target inventory of bikes at each station is obtained while minimizing the total traveling time through the presented formulation. Using CPLEX solver, the model is demonstrated through numerical experiments considering the various vehicle and battery capacities, and a cost–benefit analysis is performed for BEV and conventional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) while taking the BEV manufacturing and indirect emission into account. The results show that the annual cost incurred on an ICEV is 56.9% more as compared to the cost of using an equivalent BEV. Since BEVs consume less energy than conventional ICEVs, the use of BEVs for rebalancing the bike-sharing systems results in significant energy savings for an urban transport network. Moreover, the life cycle emissions of an ICEV are 48.3% more as compared to an equivalent BEV. Furthermore, the operational cost of a BEV significantly reduces with the increase in battery capacity.

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“…On the one hand, with the development of renewable energy such as wind energy and solar energy, the use of electric vehicles for logistics distribution activities can effectively alleviate the dependence of traditional vehicles on non-renewable energy such as fossil fuels [4]. On the other hand, reasonable path planning can effectively reduce the distance traveled by vehicles and the emission of hazardous gases, improve the use efficiency of distribution vehicles, and reduce environmental pollution [5,6,7,8]. Many enterprises are on the way of replacing fuel vehicles with electric vehicles, such as JD said in 2018 that all delivery trucks would be replaced with electric vehicles in 2 years, Green hand released the new energy intelligent logistics vehicle plan in 2017 and the goal was to create 1 million electric vehicles for logistics express delivery activities in 5 years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study on the Routing Problem of Electric and Fuel Vehicles Considering Carbon Trading

Liao

Lin

2019

IJERPH

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In order to explore the impact of using electric vehicles on the cost and environment of logistics enterprises, this paper studies the optimization of vehicle routing problems with the consideration of carbon trading policies. Both the electric vehicle routing model and the traditional fuel vehicle routing model are constructed aiming at minimizing the total costs, which includes the fixed costs of vehicles, depreciation costs, penalty costs for violating customer time window, energy costs and carbon trading costs. Then a hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA) is proposed to address these two models, the advantages of greedy algorithm and random full permutation are combined to set the initial population, at the same time, the crossover operation is improved to retain the excellent gene fragments effectively and the hill climbing algorithm is embedded to enhance the local search ability of HGA. Furthermore, a case data is used with HGA to carry out computational experiments in these two models and the results indicate that first using electric vehicles for distribution can indeed reduce the carbon emissions, but results in a low customer satisfaction compared with using fuel vehicles. Besides, the battery capacity and charge rate have a great influence on total costs of using electric vehicles. Second, carbon price plays an important role in the transformation of logistics companies. As the carbon price changes, the total costs, carbon trading costs, and carbon emissions of using electric vehicles and fuel vehicles are affected accordingly, yet the trends are different. The changes of carbon quota have nothing to do with the distribution scheme and companies’ transformation but influence the total costs of using electric and fuel vehicles for distribution, and the trends are the same. These reasonable proposals can support the government on carbon trading policy, and also the logistics companies on dealing the relationship between economic and social benefits.

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Development of energy consumption optimization model for the electric vehicle routing problem with time windows

Cited by 100 publications

References 43 publications

A new formulation of the electric vehicle routing problem with time windows considering concave nonlinear charging function

A new formulation of the electric vehicle routing problem with time windows considering concave nonlinear charging function

Towards an Energy Efficient Solution for Bike-Sharing Rebalancing Problems: A Battery Electric Vehicle Scenario

A Comparative Study on the Routing Problem of Electric and Fuel Vehicles Considering Carbon Trading

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