Development of lignin based heterogeneous solid acid catalyst derived from sugarcane bagasse for microwave assisted-transesterification of waste cooking oil

Nazir, Muhammad Hamza; Ayoub, Muhammad; Zahid, Imtisal; Shamsuddin, Rashid; Yusup, Suzana; Ameen, Mariam; Zulqarnain,; Qadeer, Muhammad Umer

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2021.105978

Cited by 42 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…In addition, the reduction catalytic of HPMo/Ni-MOF is probably due to the leaching of a small amount of HPMo and pore blockage of Ni-MOF, and a similar phenomenon has been reported for some other catalytic materials. 49,50…”

Section: Recycle Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction of a Keggin heteropolyacid/Ni-MOF catalyst for esterification of fatty acids

Zhang

Luo

et al. 2021

RSC Adv.

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Section: Recycle Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction of a Keggin heteropolyacid/Ni-MOF catalyst for esterification of fatty acids

Zhang

Luo

et al. 2021

RSC Adv.

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“…Replacing (ΔG = ΔH−T. ΔS) in Eqn (15) resulted in Eqn ( 16): (16) where ΔH and ΔS are determined as slope and intercept from the graph between ln k/T and 1/T as shown in Fig. 9.…”

Section: Kinetic Study Of Microwave-assisted Transesterificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Homogeneous acid catalysts are also not suitable due to their corrosive nature and the difficulty in recovering the catalyst from the reaction mixture, together with the large volume of water that is needed for purification 14 . Attention has therefore been directed towards heterogeneous solid acid catalysts, as they can perform esterification and transesterification simultaneously 15 . Moreover, these are environmentally benign, less corrosive, and reusable without further modification 16 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Waste sugarcane bagasse‐derived nanocatalyst for microwave‐assisted transesterification: Thermal, kinetic and optimization study

Nazir

Ayoub

Zahid

et al. 2021

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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The production of biodiesel has increased globally during the last decade to overcome the problems of increasing prices of petro-diesel and the depletion of fossil fuels. The present study aimed to utilize agro-waste sugarcane bagasse (SCB) to synthesize a heterogeneous acid catalyst for biodiesel production using waste cooking oil. Waste sugarcane bagasse was converted into biochar through partial carbonization and activated via sulfonation by using acid solutions of different concentration i.e., 1M, 3M, 5M and concentrated sulfuric acid at a sulfonation temperature of 180 °C for 5 h. The prepared catalysts were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) technique, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen and Sulfur (CHNS) analyzer. The prepared catalyst exhibited an excellent surface area of 20.78 m 2 g -1 and a total acid density of 3.94 mmol g -1 . The biodiesel production process was optimized by varying reaction temperature from (40-70 °C), methanol to oil molar ratio (5:1-20:1), catalyst loading (1-7 wt.%) and reaction time (5-25 min) by using a microwave reactor. The maximum conversion of 95.45% and yield of 92.12% was obtained under optimum conditions: catalyst loading 5 wt%, methanol-to-oil molar ratio (15:1), temperature (60 °C) after 15 min. The results of the experiments were validated by using response surface methodology, which validated the predicted model. The kinetic study of experiments showed that the use of sulfonated catalysts lowered the Original Article: Biodiesel under the influence of microwave heating MH Nazir et al.

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“…Biodiesel is most commonly synthesized via conventional catalytic transesterification in which triglycerides react with three moles of short-chain alcohols i.e., methanol or ethanol, resulting in the production of biodiesel and crude glycerol [8]. One complete transesterification run produces glycerol amounting to 10% of biodiesel produced in a single batch [9]. The produced glycerol from the transesterification is highly impure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valorization of Solketal Synthesis from Sustainable Biodiesel Derived Glycerol Using Response Surface Methodology

et al. 2021

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Biodiesel production has gained considerable importance over the last few decades due to the increase in fossil fuel prices as well as toxic emissions of oxygen and nitrogen. The production of biodiesel via catalytic transesterification produces crude glycerol as a co-product along with biodiesel, amounting to 10% of the total biodiesel produced. Glycerol has a low value in its impure form, and the purification of glycerol requires sophisticated technologies and is an expensive process. The conversion of crude glycerol into value-added chemicals such as solketal is the best way to improve the sustainability of biodiesel synthesis using the transesterification reaction. Therefore, the conversion of crude glycerol into the solketal was investigated in a batch reactor simulation model developed by the Aspen Plus V11.0. The non-random two liquid theory (NRTL) method was used as a thermodynamic property package to study the effect of four input ketalization parameters. The model was validated with the findings of previous experimental studies of solketal synthesis using sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The influence of the following operating parameters was investigated: reaction time of 10,000 to 60,000 s, reaction temperature of 303 to 323 K, acetone to glycerol molar ratio of 2:1 to 10:1, and catalyst concentration of 0.005 to 0.03 wt %. The optimum solketal yield of 81.36% was obtained at the optimized conditions of 313 K, 9:1, 0.03 wt %, and 40,000 s. The effect of each input parameter on the ketalization process and interaction between input and output parameters was investigated by using the response surface methodology (RSM) optimizer. The relationship between independent and response variables developed by RSM fit most of the simulation data, which showed the accuracy of the model. A second-order differential equation fit the simulation data well and showed an R2 value of 0.99. According to the findings of RSM, the influence of catalyst amount, acetone to glycerol molar ratio, and reaction time were more significant on solketal yield. The effect of temperature on the performance of the reaction was not found to be significant because of the exothermic nature of the process. The findings of this study showed that biodiesel-derived glycerol can be effectively utilized to produce solketal, which can be used for a wider range of applications such as a fuel additive. However, further work is required to enhance the solketal yield by developing new heterogeneous catalysts so that the industrial implementation of its production can be made possible.

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Development of lignin based heterogeneous solid acid catalyst derived from sugarcane bagasse for microwave assisted-transesterification of waste cooking oil

Cited by 42 publications

References 66 publications

Construction of a Keggin heteropolyacid/Ni-MOF catalyst for esterification of fatty acids

Construction of a Keggin heteropolyacid/Ni-MOF catalyst for esterification of fatty acids

Waste sugarcane bagasse‐derived nanocatalyst for microwave‐assisted transesterification: Thermal, kinetic and optimization study

Valorization of Solketal Synthesis from Sustainable Biodiesel Derived Glycerol Using Response Surface Methodology

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