Development of New Antiviral Agents from Natural Products~!2010-01-17~!2010-04-12~!2010-08-27~!

Abstract

The recent great advances in medical treatment and scientific technology include the many antiviral agents that have been developed and are used for treatment of infectious diseases, but such advances have also provoked the appearance of resistant virus strains. Therefore, the development of new antiviral agents with diverse kinds of antiviral actions is required. The search for new antiviral agents focuses on not only synthetic compounds but also natural products such as traditional medicines, dietary supplements, and functional foods, including plants, insects, animal organs, and their components. Natural products have their own metabolites, and some of the metabolites may recognize the differences between viral and host metabolisms, resulting in antiviral activity. In general, they can be obtained cheaply and may be useful resources to develop new antiviral agents with different antiviral actions from those of known antiviral agents. Also, natural products and their components have been demonstrated to modify immunological activities and are candidates for biological response modifiers that are effective in alleviating symptoms and reducing mortality in virus infection. The first half of this chapter introduces natural products and purified compounds that were confirmed by in vitro experiments and animal infection models to have direct antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) or influenza virus. However, even if a natural product or purified component has strong antiviral activity in vitro, if it has no therapeutic efficacy against virus infection in an animal infection model, it is merely an inhibitor and not a medicine. The search for antiviral agents should be based on the demonstration of prophylactic and/or therapeutic efficacy at the proper dosage in animals. In the second half, we introduce a Kampo medicine, Kakkon-to, which is a biological response modifier rather than a direct antiviral agent. It is the most common cold medicine used in traditional therapy and prescribed to about 20 million people annually in Japan. We also introduce the mode of immunomodulating activity of Kakkon-to on influenza virus and HSV-1 infection and its components, which can modulate cytokine production. We hope that this chapter will be useful in verifying the antiviral therapeutic efficacy of natural products against influenza infection and helpful in encouraging development of anti-influenza virus medicines from natural products.

Pola Penyebaran Infeksi Covid-19 di Provinsi Papua Tahun 2020

“…Walau belum ada laporan khusus tentang bioaktivitas ekstrak biji pinang terhadap CoViD-19, akan tetapi kemampuan senyawa kimia ekstrak biji pinang sebagai antivirus telah banyak dilaporkan. (Kurokawa et al, 2010) melaporkan bahwa ekstrak pinang memiliki efek penghambatan terhadap virus yang bertanggung jawab atas HIV dan virus herpes simpleks (HSV-1).…”

Bioactivity and Synthesis of Diarylheptanoids From Alpinia officinarum

“…Some diarylheptanoids (47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53) possess a common structural moiety of 3,5-dihydroxy on the heptane skeleton [12,15,17,25,29,31]. Several novel dimeric diarylheptanoids (58)(59)(60)(61)(62)(63)(64) were isolated from the rhizomes of A. officinarum [19,[32][33][34]. Sun [14,[23][24][25].…”

“…In addition, compounds 1, 9, 12, and 44-46 are also linear diarylheptanoids that possess double bonds or ketone groups between C-1 and C-7 [15,19,32]. Some dimeric diarylheptanoids were connected through CdC or CdOdC bonds (58)(59)(60)(61), and some were connected through the pyridine ring or six-numbered carbon ring (62)(63)(64). Several novel dimeric diarylheptanoids (58)(59)(60)(61)(62)(63)(64) were isolated from the rhizomes of A. officinarum [19,[32][33][34].…”

“…Diarylheptanoids exhibited antiviral activities against influenza virus [61][62][63][64][65], RSV [44,66], poliovirus [44], measles virus [44], herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) [44], human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [67], severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus [68], and Epstein-Barr virus in relation to carcinogenesis [69]. They are characterized as compounds possessing broad antiviral spectrum against DNA and RNA viruses.…”

Antiviral Effects of Novel Herbal Medicine KIOM-C, on Diverse Viruses

“…For centuries, herbal medicines have been traditionally utilized for the treatment of various ailments, including viral diseases [ 2 – 4 ]. The discoveries of effective Western medicines, such as aspirin, which can be obtained from white Willow bark, or quinine, an antimalarial drug derived from the bark of Cinchona officinalis , have increased the interest for more elaborate research on herbal medicines and paved the way toward the acceptance of the efficacy of using standardized herbal preparations [ 5 , 6 ].…”