Development of Recyclable and High-Performance In Situ Hybrid TLCP/Glass Fiber Composites

Chen, Tianran; Kazerooni, Dana; Ju, Lin; Okonski, David; Baird, Donald G.

doi:10.3390/jcs4030125

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…With 1 wt% MWCNTs, multi-scale WTCs also can potentially be used to replace some GF and CF reinforced thermoplastic composites in some applications while possibly having the capability to being recycled. [43] The experimental results in this work show that 20 wt% TLCP reinforced multi-scale WTCs has higher tensile modulus than 20 wt% SGF reinforced thermoplastic composites. The tensile modulus of 20 wt% TLCP reinforced multiscale WTCs is also approaching the tensile modulus of 20 wt% LGF or 20 wt% LCF reinforced thermoplastic composites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

The influence of processing conditions on tensile properties of wholly thermoplastic composites reinforced with nanotubes

Han

Baird

2021

Polymer Composites

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This paper is concerned with novel wholly thermoplastic composites (WTCs) reinforced with supercritical carbon dioxide-aided exfoliated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and the enhancement of mechanical properties.The bicomponent in situ injection molded plaques consist of polyamide 6 (PA6) and microfibers of thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (TLCP) with miss-matched melting temperature. Multiple mixing histories with MWCNTs and processing temperatures were studied and tested for minimizing matrix thermal degradation and maximizing tensile properties of the multiscale WTCs. The optimum in situ injection molding temperature was found at 300 C with melt blending nylon 6 matrix and exfoliated MWCNTs in advance.Exfoliated MWCNTs acted as bridging elements between the TLCP and the nylon 6 matrix, which lead to effective stress transfer from the nylon 6 matrix to the TLCP fibrils. Compared to the WTCs without MWCNTs reinforcement, tensile modulus and tensile strength in longitudinal and latitudinal directions were both improved. Furthermore, with the reinforcement of TLCP and exfoliated MWCNTs, the tensile modulus and tensile strength of nylon 6 were enhanced by 173% and 35% in the fluid flow direction, respectively. These experimental results for 20 wt% TLCP/PA6 were even better than the mechanical properties of 20 wt% carbon fiber (CF)/PA6 reported in the literature. K E Y W O R D Sexfoliated multi-walled carbon nano-tubes, tensile properties enhancement, thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer, wholly thermoplastic composites

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

The influence of processing conditions on tensile properties of wholly thermoplastic composites reinforced with nanotubes

Han

Baird

2021

Polymer Composites

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“…That includes fiberglass, CFRP laminates and carbon sandwich structures [1]. Aluminum has traditionally been one of the most common metals used in the aerospace industry, but its usage dropped from 50% in the Boeing B777 aircraft to only 20% in the Boeing B787 [21]. One reason for the composite-tendency can be seen when comparing the mechanical properties: tensile modulus and strength of E-glass fibers (72 GPa, 3.5 GPa) vs aluminum (68.9 GPa, 0.31 GPa) [21].…”

Section: Aerospacementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among all of the different types of reinforcements utilized commercially, 65% of the revenue generated by the sale of FRP materials comes from glass fibers. In 2020, the global GFRP market is about $60 billion [21].…”

Section: The Marketmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composite Material Recycling Technology—State-of-the-Art and Sustainable Development for the 2020s

et al. 2021

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Recently, significant events took place that added immensely to the sociotechnical pressure for developing sustainable composite recycling solutions, namely (1) a ban on composite landfilling in Germany in 2009, (2) the first major wave of composite wind turbines reaching their End-of-Life (EoL) and being decommissioned in 2019–2020, (3) the acceleration of aircraft decommissioning due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and (4) the increase of composites in mass production cars, thanks to the development of high volume technologies based on thermoplastic composites. Such sociotechnical pressure will only grow in the upcoming decade of 2020s as other countries are to follow Germany by limiting and banning landfill options, and by the ever-growing number of expired composites EoL waste. The recycling of fiber reinforced composite materials will therefore play an important role in the future, in particular for the wind energy, but also for aerospace, automotive, construction and marine sectors to reduce environmental impacts and to meet the demand. The scope of this manuscript is a clear and condensed yet full state-of-the-art overview of the available recycling technologies for fiber reinforced composites of both low and high Technology Readiness Levels (TRL). TRL is a framework that has been used in many variations across industries to provide a measurement of technology maturity from idea generation (basic principles) to commercialization. In other words, this work should be treated as a technology review providing guidelines for the sustainable development of the industry that will benefit the society. The authors propose that one of the key aspects for the development of sustainable recycling technology is to identify the optimal recycling methods for different types of fiber reinforced composites. Why is that the case can be answered with a simple price comparison of E-glass fibers (~2 $/kg) versus a typical carbon fiber on the market (~20 $/kg)—which of the two is more valuable to recover? However, the answer is more complicated than that—the glass fiber constitutes about 90% of the modern reinforcement market, and it is clear that different technologies are needed. Therefore, this work aims to provide clear guidelines for economically and environmentally sustainable End-of-Life (EoL) solutions and development of the fiber reinforced composite material recycling.

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“…reason for the composite-tendency can be seen when comparing the mechanical properties: tensile modulus and strength of E-glass fibers (72 GPa, 3.5 GPa) vs aluminum (68.9 GPa, 0.31 GPa) [21].…”

Section: The Motivation the Drivers And The Marketmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composite Material Recycling Technology – State-of-the-Art and Sustainable Development for the 2020s.

Krauklis¹,

Karl²,

Gagani³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Recently, significant events took place that added immensely to the sociotechnical pressure for developing sustainable composite recycling solutions, namely (1) a ban on composite landfilling in Germany in 2009, (2) the first major wave of composite wind turbines reaching their End-of-Life (EoL) and being decommissioned in 2019-2020, (3) the acceleration of aircraft decommissioning due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and (4) the increase of composites in mass production cars, thanks to the development of high volume technologies based on thermoplastic composites. Such sociotechnical pressure will only grow in the upcoming decade of 2020s as other countries are to follow Germany by limiting and banning landfill options, and by the ever-growing number of expired composites EoL waste. The recycling of composite materials will therefore play an important role in the future, in particular for the wind energy, but also for aerospace, automotive, construction and marine sectors to reduce environmental impacts and to meet the demand. The scope of this manuscript is a clear and condensed yet full state-of-the-art overview of the available composite recycling technologies of both low and high Technology Readiness Levels (TRL). TRL is a framework that has been used in many variations across industries to provide a measurement of technology maturity from idea generation (basic principles) to commercialization. In other words, this work should be treated as a technology review providing guidelines for the sustainable development of the industry that will benefit the society. The authors propose that one of the key aspects for the development of sustainable recycling technology is to identify the optimal recycling methods for different types of composites. Why is that the case can be answered with a simple price comparison of E-glass fibers (~2 $/kg) versus a typical carbon fiber on the market (~20 $/kg) – which of the two is more valuable to recover? However, the answer is more complicated than that – the glass fiber constitutes about 90% of the modern reinforcement market, and it is clear that different technologies are needed. Therefore, this work aims to provide clear guidelines for economically and environmentally sustainable End-of-Life (EoL) solutions and development of the composite material recycling.

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Development of Recyclable and High-Performance In Situ Hybrid TLCP/Glass Fiber Composites

Cited by 21 publications

References 44 publications

The influence of processing conditions on tensile properties of wholly thermoplastic composites reinforced with nanotubes

The influence of processing conditions on tensile properties of wholly thermoplastic composites reinforced with nanotubes

Composite Material Recycling Technology—State-of-the-Art and Sustainable Development for the 2020s

Composite Material Recycling Technology – State-of-the-Art and Sustainable Development for the 2020s.

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