Development of sensitivity to visual motion in macaque monkeys

Kiorpes, Lynne; Movshon, J. Anthony

doi:10.1017/s0952523804216054

Cited by 91 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…In addition, from the earliest age studied, the PIm relay cells were cFosϩ/visually driven. Given the observation that in marmosets and macaques there was a capacity to detect motion soon after birth (Kiorpes and Movshon, 2004;Izumi et al, 2011), we have identified PIm input as likely driving this perceptual capability in early life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Behavioral studies have demonstrated the capacity for both macaques and marmosets to detect motion within the first month after birth (Kiorpes and Movshon, 2004;Izumi et al, 2011), and humans have the ability to discriminate direction of motion relatively early in visual development (Banton et al, 2001). Previous electrophysiological recordings from Figure 6.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This suggests an early dominance of PIm input to area MT followed by a later dominance of V1 input. newborn macaque area MT demonstrate that neurons are fully direction selective (Movshon et al, 2004). However, while there are no neurophysiological data from marmoset area MT in early life, based on the caecal period of visual pathway development, a common "timetable" applied to all eutherian mammals (Robinson and Dreher, 1990), the marmoset is born with a less mature visual system than the macaque or human primate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After P90, V1 input comes to dominate area MT, and the PIm retinothalamic pathway seems to regress. Because motion sensitivity gradually improves until 3 years of age in macaques (Kiorpes and Movshon, 2004), this may be due to the maturation of the direct V1-MT pathway and the indirect connections via the other extrastriate areas (Felleman and van Essen, 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Early Maturation of Visual Cortical Area MT is Dependent on Input from the Retinorecipient Medial Portion of the Inferior Pulvinar

2012

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The hierarchical development of the primate visual cortex and associated streams remains somewhat of a mystery. While anatomical, physiological, and psychological studies have demonstrated the early maturation of the dorsal "where"/"how" or motion cortical stream, little is known about the circuitry responsible. The influence of the retinogeniculostriate pathway has been investigated, but little attention has been paid to the role of two more recently described disynaptic retinothalamic projections to the middle temporal (MT) area, an early maturing dorsal stream cortical field, and which bypass the primary visual cortex (V1). These pathways are via the koniocellular layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and the medial portion of the inferior pulvinar (PIm). Both have been demonstrated in the adult nonhuman primate, but their influence during the maturation of the visual cortex is unknown. We used a combination of neural tracing and immunohistochemistry to follow the development of LGN and PIm inputs to area MT in the marmoset monkey. Our results revealed that the early maturation of area MT is likely due to the disynaptic retinopulvinar input and not the retinogeniculate input or the direct projection from V1. Furthermore, from soon after birth to adulthood, there was a dynamic shift in the ratio of input from these three structures to area MT, with an increasing dominance of the direct V1 afference.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Early Maturation of Visual Cortical Area MT is Dependent on Input from the Retinorecipient Medial Portion of the Inferior Pulvinar

2012

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“…Consequently, binocularly discordant signals early in life dramatically alter visual cortical functions (1,2). For example, early ocular misalignment (strabismus) that disrupts binocular image matching results in a drastic reduction in the proportion of V1 neurons that can be activated by monocular stimulation of either eye (3)(4)(5)(6).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid plasticity of binocular connections in developing monkey visual cortex (V1)

Zhang

Bai

Sakai

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The basic sets of cortical connections are present at birth in the primate visual system. The maintenance and refinement of these innate connections are highly dependent on normal visual experience, and prolonged exposure to binocularly uncorrelated signals early in life severely disrupts the normal development of binocular functions. However, very little is known about how rapidly these changes in the functional organization of primate visual cortex emerge or what are the sequence and the nature of the abnormal neural events that occur immediately after experiencing binocular decorrelation. In this study, we investigated how brief periods of ocular misalignment (strabismus) at the height of the critical period alter the cortical circuits that support binocular vision. After only 3 days of optically imposed strabismus, there was a striking increase in the prevalence of V1 neurons that exhibited binocular suppression, i.e., binocular responses were weaker than monocular responses. However, the sensitivity of these neurons to interocular spatial phase disparity was not significantly altered. These contrasting results suggest that the first significant change in V1 caused by early binocular decorrelation is binocular suppression, and that this suppression originates at a site(s) beyond where binocular signals are initially combined. interocular suppression ͉ long-range interactions ͉ macaque monkeys ͉ strabismus

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Perceptual Learning

Green

Banai

Lü

et al. 2018

Stevens' Handbook of Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience

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Perceptual learning refers to a long‐term change in the ability to extract perceptual information from the environment that arises via experience or practice. In this chapter, we first explore many examples of perceptual learning in relatively simple as well as in more complex tasks. Furthermore, we do so across sensory modalities (vision, audition, touch, taste, smell) with the goal of highlighting the commonalities seen in perceptual learning across systems that are typically considered separately. We then consider the most substantial issues in the domain, including the question of learning specificity (i.e., when do improvements on one task transfer to new unpracticed tasks?), the conditions under which learning occurs, the neural basis of perceptual learning, computational models of perceptual learning, and potential real‐world applications of perceptual learning. We conclude with future directions; although the field has clearly made tremendous progress over the past century or more, there remain critical gaps in our knowledge that preclude our ability to fully harness perceptual learning to make a real‐world impact.

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Development of sensitivity to visual motion in macaque monkeys

Cited by 91 publications

References 50 publications

The Early Maturation of Visual Cortical Area MT is Dependent on Input from the Retinorecipient Medial Portion of the Inferior Pulvinar

The Early Maturation of Visual Cortical Area MT is Dependent on Input from the Retinorecipient Medial Portion of the Inferior Pulvinar

Rapid plasticity of binocular connections in developing monkey visual cortex (V1)

Perceptual Learning

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