Development of the macaque face-patch system

Livingstone, Margaret S.; Vincent, Justin L.; Arcaro, Michael; Srihasam, Krishna; Schade, Peter F.; Savage, Tristram

doi:10.1038/ncomms14897

Cited by 108 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…These data are consistent with a recent study from our lab showing that task-evoked face-selective clusters in IT do not appear until about 200 days of age (Livingstone et al, 2017). The failure to find a face-selective IC early in development cannot be ascribed to insensitivity of this analysis.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…At this young age, however, regions of IT selectively responsive to face and non-face stimuli (measured with fMRI) were not differentiable in IT cortex (Livingstone et al, 2017). Face patches would not emerge until about 200 days in these monkeys (Figure 8a, thick black outline).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Taken together, these data indicate that the retinotopic areal organization in inferior temporal cortex precedes category selectivity.

10.7554/eLife.26196.013Figure 8.Relationship between correlation-based retinotopy and precursor-face-patches in newborns.( a ) Faces-minus-objects contrast maps for monkeys B1 and B2 at <123 days and >1.5 years. In each animal, the contrast maps for <123 days summarizes data across four scan sessions reported individually in Livingstone et al (2017). Average beta contrasts are shown for voxels that were significant in at least two scan sessions (p<0.05, FDR-corrected).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A hierarchical, retinotopic proto-organization of the primate visual system at birth

Arcaro

Livingstone

2017

eLife

210

166

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The adult primate visual system comprises a series of hierarchically organized areas. Each cortical area contains a topographic map of visual space, with different areas extracting different kinds of information from the retinal input. Here we asked to what extent the newborn visual system resembles the adult organization. We find that hierarchical, topographic organization is present at birth and therefore constitutes a proto-organization for the entire primate visual system. Even within inferior temporal cortex, this proto-organization was already present, prior to the emergence of category selectivity (e.g., faces or scenes). We propose that this topographic organization provides the scaffolding for the subsequent development of visual cortex that commences at the onset of visual experienceDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.26196.001

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Taken together, these data indicate that the retinotopic areal organization in inferior temporal cortex precedes category selectivity.

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A hierarchical, retinotopic proto-organization of the primate visual system at birth

Arcaro

Livingstone

2017

eLife

210

166

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“…Consistent with longitudinal studies of newborn monkeys in which early face selectivity was present in future face patches (Livingstone et al, 2017), the response of the future lFFA, lSTS, and rSTS (defined from run 1 in CL4) in CL1 showed early selectivity to faces (lFFA: t = 2.54, lSTS: t = 1.36, rSTS: t = 2.78), despite the absence of significant face-selective activations in CL1 (not robust at the t > 3 threshold; Figure 2C). …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Successful Reorganization of Category-Selective Visual Cortex following Occipito-temporal Lobectomy in Childhood

Nestor

Vida

et al. 2018

Cell Reports

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SUMMARY Investigations of functional (re)organization in children who have undergone large cortical resections offer a unique opportunity to elucidate the nature and extent of cortical plasticity. We report findings from a 3-year investigation of a child, U.D., who underwent surgical removal of the right occipital and posterior temporal lobes at age 6 years 9 months. Relative to controls, post-surgically, U.D. showed age-appropriate intellectual performance and visuoperceptual face and object recognition skills. Using fMRI at five different time points, we observed a persistent hemianopia and no visual field remapping. In category-selective visual cortices, however, object- and scene-selective regions in the intact left hemisphere were stable early on, but regions subserving face and word recognition emerged later and evinced competition for cortical representation. These findings reveal alterations in the selectivity and topography of category-selective regions when confined to a single hemisphere and provide insights into dynamic functional changes in extrastriate cortical architecture.

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“…This is consistent with the considerable homology between the face processing systems in the two species [10, 15]. Both humans and rhesus monkeys are known to have a complex network of visual brain areas in the inferior temporal cortex that responds preferentially to faces[5–9, 15, 41]. Perturbation of brain activity in these areas has been shown to influence behavior towards face stimuli in both species[36, 42, 43], including face detection[36, 38], which is thought to be achieved by template matching [25].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

Face Pareidolia in the Rhesus Monkey

et al. 2017

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SUMMARY Face perception in humans and non-human primates is rapid and accurate[1–4]. In the human brain, a network of visual processing regions is specialized for faces[5–7]. Although face processing is a priority of the primate visual system, face detection is not infallible. Face pareidolia is the compelling illusion of perceiving facial features on inanimate objects, such as the illusory face on the surface of the moon. Although face pareidolia is commonly experienced by humans, its presence in other species is unknown. Here we provide evidence for face pareidolia in a species known to possess a complex face processing system[8–10]: the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). In a visual preference task[11, 12], monkeys looked longer at photographs of objects that elicited face pareidolia in human observers than at photographs of similar objects that did not elicit illusory faces. Examination of eye movements revealed that monkeys fixated the illusory internal facial features in a pattern consistent with how they view photographs of faces[13]. Although the specialized response to faces observed in humans[1, 3, 5–7, 14] is often argued to be continuous across primates[4, 15], it was previously unclear whether face pareidolia arose from a uniquely human capacity. For example, pareidolia could be a product of the human aptitude for perceptual abstraction, or result from frequent exposure to cartoons and illustrations that anthropomorphize inanimate objects. Instead, our results indicate that the perception of illusory facial features on inanimate objects is driven by a broadly-tuned face detection mechanism that we share with other species.

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Development of the macaque face-patch system

Cited by 108 publications

References 57 publications

A hierarchical, retinotopic proto-organization of the primate visual system at birth

A hierarchical, retinotopic proto-organization of the primate visual system at birth

Successful Reorganization of Category-Selective Visual Cortex following Occipito-temporal Lobectomy in Childhood

Face Pareidolia in the Rhesus Monkey

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