Development of vinyl ester resins with improved flame retardant properties for structural marine applications

Kandola, Baljinder K.; Ebdon, John R.; Chen, Zhou

doi:10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2017.08.006

Cited by 39 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Therefore, it may also be regarded as filling the gap between epoxy resin and polyester resin in both sides of mechanical property as well as effective economy [1] [2] [3] [4]. Thanks to good toughness, excellent resistance, good mechanical properties, outstanding heat performance, and flexible processibility compared to unsaturated polyester, VE is being increasingly used in solvent storage tanks, sewer pipes, ship and boat construction, coating, automobile structural parts, swimming-pool [5] [6]. Similar to other thermosets, pure vinyl ester resin is inherently brittle due to their highly cross-linked structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties of Submicron Glass Fiber Reinforced Vinyl Ester Composite

Nhân¹,

Obunai²,

Okubo³

et al. 2019

OJCM

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Vinyl ester (VE) resin inherently has intrinsic brittleness due to its high cross-link density. To improve mechanical performance, micro/nano fillers are widely used to modify this matrix. In present study, glass fiber in submicron scale at low contents was added into VE to prepare submicron composite (sMC). The impact resistance of un-notched sMC degraded with the increase of sGF content while that of notched-sMC remained the unchanged. Flexural properties of sMCs also were the same with that of neat resin. The results of Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) test showed the slight increase of storage modulus and the decrease of tan delta value in the case of sMC compared to those of un-filled matrix. However, the Mode I fracture toughness of sMC improved up to 26% and 61% corresponding to 0.3 and 0.6 wt% glass fiber used. The compact tension sample test suggests that there is the delay of crack propagation under tensile cyclic load in resin reinforced by submicron glass fiber. The number of failure cycle enlarged proportionally with the increment of sGF content in matrix.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties of Submicron Glass Fiber Reinforced Vinyl Ester Composite

Nhân¹,

Obunai²,

Okubo³

et al. 2019

OJCM

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“…The physical map of fabrication process was shown in Figure . Styrene is not only a diluent, but actively takes part in the curing reaction to form a cross‐linking structure . The two components of VER and styrene were mixed in a flask by mechanical stirring at 30°C for 30 minutes to obtain a clear liquid.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame retardant and mechanism of vinyl ester resin modified by octaphenyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane

Zhang

Zeng

et al. 2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Flamability is one of the major issues for utilization of bisphenol A-type vinyl ester resin (VER) polymeric composites in practical applications. The thermal stability and mechanical property of VER composites containing octaphenyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (OPS) were investigated and discussed in detail. With increasing the mass ratio of OPS, the residues yield at 800°C and bending strength at break of the VER/OPS composites were enhanced, accompanied with the gradually decreased values of the peak heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke release due to the formation of dense carbon/silica protective layers that acted as a barrier to heat and mass transfer. In addition, the flame-retardant mechanisms of condensed phase and gas phase were analyzed by XPS, TGA-FTIR, and GC-MS. The results showed that when OPS was incorporated to the resin matrix, the characteristic peaks intensity of the gaseous products was reduced obviously due to some of the characteristic groups still retained in condensed phase. Therefore, the significance of this work is providing an optional method to fabricate flame-retarding VER composites with excellent mechanical properties.

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“…They have not only the outstanding characteristics of epoxy resins but also the advantages of unsaturated polyester resins (UPRs), such as excellent physical and mechanical properties, heat and corrosion resistance, good adhesion, and rapid curing . Therefore, they are widely used in composite pipes, printed circuit board coatings, adhesives, and many other industrial fields . Unfortunately, the traditional VERs are easy to burn when they are exposed to fires because of their intrinsic chemical structures; this hinders their applications in some areas with high flame‐retardant requirements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus–nitrogen‐type fire‐retardant vinyl ester resin with good comprehensive properties

Duan

Yin

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this study, a series of fire‐retardant vinyl ester resins (VERs) were obtained via the copolymerization of phosphorus–nitrogen‐containing acrylate [1,3,5‐triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC)–acrylic acid (AA)–9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO)] and the widely used vinyl ester resin 901 (901‐VER). The influences of the TGIC–AA–DOPO additive amount on 901‐VER were comprehensively evaluated via the measurement of the flame retardancy, thermal performance, and mechanical properties. In the case of 30 and 40% TGIC–AA–DOPO, the thermosets acquired limited oxygen index values of 30.8 and 31.7%, respectively, and reached vertical burning (UL‐94) ratings of V‐1 and V‐0, respectively. In addition, their peak heat‐release rates, average heat‐release rates, total heat release values, average effective heats of combustion, and total smoke productions decreased significantly. These results demonstrated the great progress of 901‐VER in fireproofing performance. More importantly, the flame‐retardant VER thermosets showed good thermal properties and castings, and glass‐fiber‐reinforced composites based on the developed fire‐retardant VERs possessed comparable tensile strength, flexural strength, and better tensile modulus comparing to those based on neat 901‐VER when the TGIC–AA–DOPO amount was no greater than 30%. From an integrated perspective, 901‐VER with 30% TGIC–AA–DOPO was the best desired. The excellent flame retardancy, thermal performance, and mechanical properties promise the as‐obtained VER important applicable values. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47997.

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Development of vinyl ester resins with improved flame retardant properties for structural marine applications

Cited by 39 publications

References 26 publications

Mechanical Properties of Submicron Glass Fiber Reinforced Vinyl Ester Composite

Mechanical Properties of Submicron Glass Fiber Reinforced Vinyl Ester Composite

Flame retardant and mechanism of vinyl ester resin modified by octaphenyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane

Phosphorus–nitrogen‐type fire‐retardant vinyl ester resin with good comprehensive properties

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