Development Offeedback and Feedforward Control of Upright Stance

Haas, G.; Diener, Hans-Christoph; Rapp, Herbert J.; Dichgans, J.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.1989.tb04026.x

Cited by 63 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This indicates that children aged between 5 and 11 years can stabilize their posture during a load-lifting task by means of feed-forward control of APA before the onset of voluntary movement. This result is in line with previous studies on the development of anticipatory postural control using different types of self-initiated movements (arm pulling: Forssberg andNashner 1982, Hirschfeld andarm raising: Hay and Redon 2001;reaching: Van der Fits et al 1998; standing on tip-toes: Haas et al 1989; initiation of step: Ledebt et al 1998). APA are consistently used from the second postnatal year onwards and by 6 years of age they acquire functional significance.…”

Section: Development Of Parametric and Temporal Controlsupporting

confidence: 81%

Deficient coordination of associated postural adjustments during a lifting task in children with neurodevelopmental disorders

Jučaitė

Fernell

Forssberg

2003

Develop Med Child Neuro

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Precision grip and concomitant anticipatory postural adjustments were investigated in 11 children (three females, eight males; mean age 9 years 1 month, SD 11 months) with attention‐deficit‐hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); 12 children (three females, nine males; mean age 9 years, SD 7 months) with developmental coordination disorder (DCD), and 13 children (two females, 11 males; mean age 9 years 9 months, SD 11 months) with a combination of ADHD and DCD (ADHD+). There were two comparison groups: an age‐matched group (four females, 11 males; mean age 9 years 1 month, SD 14 months) and a younger age group (five females, six males; mean age 6 years 5 months, SD 8 months). Adaptation to different weights was evaluated by lifting a specialized grip instrument monitoring grip force, load force, and centre of foot pressure displacements. Children with ADHD+ showed: (1) excessive grip forces, (2) decreased amplitude and prolonged onset of postural adjustments, and (3) reduced ability to adapt the motor output. Children with ADHD and DCD did not scale manual and postural forces in amplitude and time domains. Children with DCD also differed in delayed timing of postural adjustments. Results indicate that children with ADHD and DCD show a spectrum of neural dysfunctions underlying poor motor coordination, which are not specific to the clinical disorder.

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Section: Development Of Parametric and Temporal Controlsupporting

confidence: 81%

Deficient coordination of associated postural adjustments during a lifting task in children with neurodevelopmental disorders

Jučaitė

Fernell

Forssberg

2003

Develop Med Child Neuro

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“…There are several lines of evidence to support this claim. First, very young children have been shown to use higher rate of postural corrections (Riach and Hayes 1987) which may be accounted for by the predominance of feedback responses (Haas et al 1989). The effective feedforward postural adjustments turn up later (Haas et al 1989) and partially replace this reactive strategy which results in a decrease of the COP frequency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postural control in 13-year-old soccer players

Bieć

Kuczyński

2010

Eur J Appl Physiol

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To evaluate the effect of early systematic soccer training on postural control we measured center-of-pressure (COP) variability, range, mean velocity and frequency in bipedal quiet stance with eyes open (EO) and closed (EC) in 44 boys aged 13 (25 boys who practiced soccer for 5–6 years and 19 healthy boys who did not practice sports). The soccer players had better stability, particularly in the medial–lateral plane (M/L); their COP variability and range were lower than in controls in both EO (p < 0.05) and EC (p < 0.0005) condition indicating that the athletes were less dependent on vision than non-athletes. Improved stability of athletes was accompanied by a decrease in COP frequency (p < 0.001 in EO, and p < 0.04 in EC) which accounted for lower regulatory activity of balance system in soccer players. The athletes had lower COP mean velocity than controls (p < 0.0001 in both visual condition), with larger difference in the M/L than A/P plane (p < 0.00001 and p < 0.05, respectively). Postural behavior was more variable within the non-athletes than soccer players, mainly in the EC stances (p < 0.005 for all COP parameters). We conclude that: (1) soccer training described was efficient in improving the M/L postural control in young boys; (2) athletes developed specific postural strategies characterized by decreased COP frequency and lower reliance on vision.

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“…Two functions have been attributed to the APAs since Belenkii et al's experiments (1967): The minimization and optimization of the centre of foot pressure (CoP) displacements. Previous findings related to APAs in children reported that this population is able to produce anticipatory activities in arm raising (Hay and Redon, 2001;Riach and Hayes, 1990), tiptoe standing (Haas et al, 1989), and gait initiation (Assaı¨ante et al, 2000;Ledebt et al, 1998;Malouin and Richards, 2000). The APAs are not innate in gait initiation and must undergo development before being systematic and functional (Hayes and Riach, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several authors examined APAs in a series of forward-oriented motor tasks, including stepping forward and initiating gait (Crenna and Frigo, 1991;Haas et al, 1989). Mouchnino et al (1992a,b) showed that a lateral leg raising movement to an angle of 45 deg was linked to CoP displacements towards the moving leg.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticipatory postural adjustments associated with a forward leg raising in children: Effects of age, segmental acceleration and sensory context

Palluel

Ceyte

Olivier

et al. 2008

Clinical Neurophysiology

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a b s t r a c tObjective: The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of age, segmental acceleration and sensory context on anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) in a forward leg raising task. Methods: Three groups of 11 children, aged 8, 10 and 12, and 12 adults, aged 20 to 26, were instructed to perform this movement at maximal (MAXIMAL) and sub-maximal segmental accelerations and in normal (CONTROL), no vision (NV) and perturbed proprioception conditions (VIB). The generation and calibration of APAs were examined through the centre of foot pressure displacements: The onset, duration and amplitude of APAs were particularly explored. The EMG activity of the tibialis anterior (TA stance ) and gastrocnemius medialis (G stance ) of the stance leg was also recorded. Results: Two phases were clearly identified on the ML axis: A thrust and an unloading phase. Effect of age: At 8 and 10, (1) the unloading duration was shorter, and (2) the onset of APAs on the ML axis appeared later than in 12-year-old children and in adults. Effect of the segmental acceleration: (1) a greater amplitude of the thrust and unloading phases, (2) a shorter unloading duration, and (3) a later onset of ML APAs and of the TA stance activity were observed at maximal acceleration in all groups. Effect of the sensory context: No difference was found between the CONTROL and NV conditions. When the proprioceptive feedback was altered, (1) the thrust and unloading durations increased, and (2) the onset of the APAs on the ML axis occurred earlier. Conclusion: All children exhibited an anticipatory behaviour, but the adults' behaviour was reached at 12 only. Our results also indicated a change in the generation and calibration of APAs in the VIB condition, suggesting that proprioceptive information is essential for both dimensions of the APAs. Significance: The development of the APAs was not related to the segmental acceleration and to the sensory context of the forthcoming movement in children aged 8-12. It is very likely that the participants built up an internal representation of this movement.

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Development Offeedback and Feedforward Control of Upright Stance

Cited by 63 publications

References 23 publications

Deficient coordination of associated postural adjustments during a lifting task in children with neurodevelopmental disorders

Deficient coordination of associated postural adjustments during a lifting task in children with neurodevelopmental disorders

Postural control in 13-year-old soccer players

Anticipatory postural adjustments associated with a forward leg raising in children: Effects of age, segmental acceleration and sensory context

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