Development, physico-chemical characterization and in-vitro studies of hydrogels containing rosmarinic acid-loaded nanoemulsion for topical application

Abstract

Objectives Natural sources with antioxidant activity, such as rosmarinic acid (RA), have been considered as an interesting approach for the development of new anti‐ageing skin products. In this context, this study aimed to develop hydrogels containing RA‐loaded nanoemulsions and evaluate the effect of the addition of Tween® 80 (a nonionic cosurfactant) in formulations intended to be used for topical application. Methods Physico‐chemical characterization, in‐vitro release and skin retention/permeation from hydrogels of RA‐loaded nanoemulsions (containing or not Tween® 80) were evaluated. The RA‐loaded nanoemulsion safety profiles were also investigated in keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). Key findings It was observed that all formulations presented adequate physico‐chemical characterization for topical application. Furthermore, the results also demonstrated that the presence of Tween® 80 decreased the droplet size and polydispersity index of nanoemulsions and hydrogels. An extended RA release was noted for the hydrogels. However, when comparing the hydrogels, a positive effect of the presence of Tween® 80 on RA retention/permeation in total skin was seen. The RA‐loaded nanoemulsion safety profiles demonstrated a good tolerability (3.125–100 μm) in HaCaT cells. Conclusions The overall results demonstrated that the formulations developed in this study can be considered as a suitable carrier for RA in a topical application targeting new anti‐ageing skin care products.

Effect of Hydrogel Containing Achyrocline satureioides (Asteraceae) Extract–Loaded Nanoemulsions on Wound Healing Activity

“…They presented promising effects on in vitro cell proliferation and keratinocyte migration, combined with an indication for the absence of cytotoxicity and non-irritating potential [13]. For topical application, the low viscosity of nanoemulsions is a concern, and the design of a semisolid formulation is an important consideration [15][16][17]. The present study is the first to describe the development of semisolid formulations containing A. satureioides extract for in vivo topical application in wound healing and to use nanotechnology-based products to improve flavonoid skin retention/permeation, because the small droplet sizes can improve active penetration of lipophilic molecules through the skin, increasing their topical effect.…”

Hydrogels as Potential Nano-, Micro- and Macro-Scale Systems for Controlled Drug Delivery

“…Therefore, drug immobilization in a polymer matrix should be considered in the context of controlled release at target sites. Various in vivo and in vitro drug application techniques have been developed with various therapeutic properties [12,[22][23][24], including antifungal [25][26][27], antibacterial [28][29][30][31][32], antitumor [33][34][35][36], anti-inflammatory [37,38], immunomodulatory [39][40][41], anti-glycemic [42], antioxidant [32,37,43], tissue repair and regeneration [14,16,44].…”

Rosmarinic Acid and Ulvan from Terrestrial and Marine Sources in Anti-Microbial Bionanosystems and Biomaterials

“…Hydrogel of RA-loaded nanoemulsions were prepared by using 2.5% w/v of egg-lecithin, 6% w/v of medium chain triglyceride (MCT), water 1% w/v of Tween ® 80 (polysorbate 80) a nonionic surfactant and dispersed in hydroxyethyl cellulose. In-vitro RA release studies performed in a Franz type diffusion cell showed that about 60% of RA is released in 8 h and skin retention studies evidenced that 0.65 ± 0.08 µg/cm 2 of RA were retained in total skin [127].…”