Development, validity and reliability of the Orofacial Esthetic Scale — Spanish version

Abstract

OES is a valuable instrument to measure the orofacial appearance construct for Spanish-speaking populations. OES was concluded to be unidimensional with excellent score reliability and sufficient convergent score validity when compared with other Orofacial Appearance measures. Our results suggest that OES could be used in Spanish-speaking patients, an important and growing population around the globe.

Development and psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Orofacial Esthetic Scale: OES-Pt

“…It was necessary to allow for a correlation between the errors of items 1 ("facial appearance") and 2 ("facial profile appearance") to obtain an adequate fit of the factorial model to the data. Thus, unidimensionality of OES was confirmed, consistent with what was observed in other versions of this instrument (Bimbashi et al, 2015;John et al, 2012;Larsson et al, 2010;Reissmann et al, 2015Reissmann et al, , 2019Zhao & He, 2013). Although John et al (2012) pointed to a plausible theory that OA assessed by OES has two factors, the authors recommend that the one-dimensional proposal should be the choice because they report that the presence of two distinct aspects does not contribute to improving the estimate of the OA concept.…”

“…The adequate validity (construct, convergent and concurrent) and reliability of OES-Pt observed in different subsamples strengthens the use of the instrument to obtain more accurate evidence related to OA in this population. The instrument has been successfully implemented in other cultures/countries as well (Bimbashi et al, 2015;John et al, 2012;Larsson et al, 2010;Reissmann et al, 2015Reissmann et al, , 2019Zhao & He, 2013), indicating this is a robust instrument.…”

“…The instrument has already been translated and adapted for different countries (Alhajj et al, 2017;Bimbashi et al, 2015;N'Guyen-Van, Moreau & Braud, 2019;Persic et al, 2011;Reissmann et al, 2015;Simancas-Pallares et al, 2018;Wetselaar et al, 2015;Zhao & He, 2013) and applied to different contexts, such as the general population (John et al, 2012), specific dental patients such as denture wearers (Larsson et al, 2010), and dental patients in general (Reissmann et al, 2019). In addition, some studies have evaluated the psychometric properties of OES, attesting to its validity and reliability for the Swedish general population (John et al, 2012) and for the population of North American dental patients (Reissmann et al, 2019). For Portuguese, one of the world's most widely spoken languages, an OES version for use in Lusophone individuals does not exist.…”

“…The relationship between sex and age, on one hand and OA, on the other hand, has been investigated similarly to studies investigating such relationships for the construct OHRQoL (Pakpour et al, 2018); however, there is limited knowledge whether this relationship is clinically relevant. The literature indicates the level of OA impairment is different between sexes, with women having greater psychosocial impact and dissatisfaction with OA (Kang & Kang, 2014;Reissmann et al, 2019). Regarding age, older individuals are less satisfied with OA (Carlsson et al, 2014).…”

Measuring Patient’s Orofacial Estheticsin in Prosthodontics: A Scoping Review of a Current Instrument

“…The OES instead evaluates the overall satisfaction of the patient with his/her esthetic appearance. As the most common instrument used in research, the OES has good psychometric properties and has been adapted cross-culturally to several languages such as; Croatia,Chinese,Albanian,Dutch,Germany,Arabic,and Spanish [25,29,[32][33][34]37,40,41]. Although the instrument developed by Tortopidis et al showed good reliability, there has been no report of its use in other published studies.…”