Developmental Changes in Cognitive Control through Adolescence

Luna, Beatríz

doi:10.1016/s0065-2407(09)03706-9

Cited by 356 publications

(272 citation statements)

References 131 publications

(185 reference statements)

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“…Postnatal maturation of cortical grey and white matter progresses along a caudal-to-rostral gradient (Giedd et al, 1999;Gogtay et al, 2004). As more caudal, sensory cortical areas develop earlier than rostral prefrontal regions (Luna, 2009), prefrontal cortical circuitry is particularly vulnerable to adolescent drug use (Andersen, 2003). Our data confirm this vulnerability, as the magnitude of oscillation suppression seen after adolescent cannabinoid exposure is greater in the rostral mPFC than the caudal SCx.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Adolescent Cannabinoid Exposure Permanently Suppresses Cortical Oscillations in Adult Mice

Raver

Haughwout

Keller

2013

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Regular marijuana use during adolescence, but not adulthood, may permanently impair cognition and increase the risk for psychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia. Cortical oscillations are integral for cognitive processes and are abnormal in patients with schizophrenia. We test the hypothesis that adolescence is a sensitive period because of the active development of cortical oscillations and neuromodulatory systems that underlie them. The endocannabinoid system upon which marijuana acts is one such system. Here we test the prediction that adolescent cannabinoid exposure alters cortical oscillations in adults. Using in vitro local field potential, in vivo electrocorticogram recordings and cognitive behavioral testing in adult mice, we demonstrate that chronic adolescent, but not adult, cannabinoid exposure suppresses pharmacologically evoked cortical oscillations and impairs working memory performance in adults. The later-maturing prefrontal cortex is more sensitive to adolescent exposure than the earlier-maturing, primary somatosensory cortex. These data establish a link between chronic adolescent cannabinoid exposure and alterations in adult cortical network activity that underlie cognitive processes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Adolescent Cannabinoid Exposure Permanently Suppresses Cortical Oscillations in Adult Mice

Raver

Haughwout

Keller

2013

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…Ignoring for a moment that differences between the studies may result from limited power due to a limited sample size, interesting differences may also be due to participants' age differences, detailed clinical diagnoses, or the duration, target, and modality of the cognitive training. Regardless, the changes and improvements in brain function are of interest because the brain regions identified as showing changes in activity with training have all been associated with dysregulation of cognitive control and reward processing in ADHD [77,78].…”

Section: Neural Effects Of Cognitive Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Attempting to understand the developmental trajectory of the human brain is complicated by the fact that not all regions develop at the same rate. For example, sensory regions mature about 10 years sooner than regions associated with executive functions (for more detail see Luna [78] for a review). Furthermore, the striatum, which is heavily involved in reward processing and impulsive behavior, plateaus in development more quickly than the prefrontal cortex, which is tied to cognitive control and executive functions.…”

Section: Developmental Considerations For Cognitive Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the striatum, which is heavily involved in reward processing and impulsive behavior, plateaus in development more quickly than the prefrontal cortex, which is tied to cognitive control and executive functions. Research has demonstrated that control processes mature rather linearly through childhood into adolescence and adulthood [82], with working memory reaching a plateau at age 23 in typically developing individuals [78] and age 26 in individuals with ADHD [83]. On the other hand, the striatum follows a curvilinear developmental trajectory resembling an inverted-U shape [84], coming online in childhood, reaching peak sensitivity to reward during early adolescence (between 11-13 years of age), and finally declining during late adolescence and early adulthood (Fig.…”

Section: Developmental Considerations For Cognitive Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given these developmental trajectories, the effect of cognitive training on executive functions, such as working memory may yield differential effects before the age of 7 and 12, when only visual and auditory processing regions have reached adult-like maturity, respectively [78]. Treatment may accelerate the development of these sensory processing regions, as well as the connections between them and the prefrontal cortex.…”

Section: Developmental Considerations For Cognitive Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Training Cognition in ADHD: Current Findings, Borrowed Concepts, and Future Directions

et al. 2012

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With both its high prevalence and myriad of negative outcomes, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) demands a careful consideration of the efficacy of its treatment options. Although the benefits of medication have a robust empirical background, nonpharmaceutical interventions evoke particular interest, as they are often viewed more favorably by parents. This review pays special attention to the use of working memory and recent cognitive training attempts in ADHD, describing its cognitive, behavioral, and biological effects in relation to current neurological theory of the disorder. While these treatments have demonstrated positive effects on some measures, there are limitations, as studies have failed to demonstrate generalization to critical measures, such as teacher-rated classroom behaviors, and have provided limited but growing evidence of functionally significant improvements in behavior. There is also a clear lack of research on the effects of training on reward systems and self-control. These limitations may be addressed by broadening the scope and procedures of the training and incorporating research concepts from other fields of study. First, it is important to consider the developmental trajectories of brain regions in individuals with the disorder, as they may relate to the effectiveness of cognitive training. Notions from behavioral economics, including delay discounting and framing (i.e., context) manipulations that influence present orientation, also have applications in the study of cognitive training in ADHD. In considering these other domains, we may find new ways to conceptualize and enhance cognitive training in ADHD and, in turn, address current limitations of interventions that fall in this category.Keywords Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder . Treatment . Working memory training . Nonpharmacological . Delay discounting Need for Improved Treatments in ADHDAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a critical public health concern, given that it is the most common childhood behavioral disorder, with prevalence rates of at least 5 % [1,2]. ADHD is associated with negative outcomes in academic achievement, including lower reading and math achievement scores [3][4][5][6][7], lower high school completion rates [8] and an alarmingly high use of special education services [9]. Significantly elevated rates of antisocial behavior, increased arrests, and greater substance abuse exist in adolescents and adults with ADHD [9][10][11]. This constellation of negative outcomes underscores the need for additional ADHD treatments.There continues to be a great need to identify more effective and adjunctive interventions for ADHD. This is particularly true, given that current treatments do not appear to have long-term benefits once the intervention has been stopped. Some of the most compelling results on this issue come from the Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD [12,13], the most comprehensive treatment study of ADHD to date. The study reported initial positive effects of med...

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Economic Socialization: Childhood, Adolescence, and Early Adulthood

Otto

Serido²

2017

Economic Psychology

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Developmental Changes in Cognitive Control through Adolescence

Cited by 356 publications

References 131 publications

Adolescent Cannabinoid Exposure Permanently Suppresses Cortical Oscillations in Adult Mice

Adolescent Cannabinoid Exposure Permanently Suppresses Cortical Oscillations in Adult Mice

Training Cognition in ADHD: Current Findings, Borrowed Concepts, and Future Directions

Economic Socialization: Childhood, Adolescence, and Early Adulthood

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