Developmental control of xylem hydraulic resistances and vulnerability to embolism in Fraxinus excelsior L.: impacts on water relations

Cochard, Hervé; Peiffer, Marianne; Gall, K. Le; Granier, André

doi:10.1093/jxb/48.3.655

Cited by 96 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Other authors reported loss of hydraulic conductivity starting with water potentials of -2 MPa (Cochard et al, 1997;Crombie et al, 1985). Thus, given the low water potentials measured in ash (-3 MPa), cavitation in shoots most likely occurred during the study period.…”

Section: Species Differences In Leaf Conductance and Leaf Water Potenmentioning

confidence: 78%

Leaf water status and stem xylem flux in relation to soil drought in five temperate broad-leaved tree species with contrasting water use strategies

et al. 2009

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. Leaf water status and stem xylem flux in relation to soil drought in five temperate broad-leaved tree species with contrasting water use strategies. Annals of Forest Science, Springer Verlag/EDP Sciences, 2009, 66 (1), pp.1. Ann. For. Sci. 66 (2009) Abstract• Five temperate broad-leaved tree species were compared with respect to their water consumption strategies under ample and restricted water supply. We measured synchronously leaf conductance (g L ) in the sun canopy, xylem sap flux (J s ) and leaf water potential (predawn, Ψ pd and noon, Ψ noon ) in adult trees in a mixed stand and related them to the fluctuations in vapor pressure deficit (D) and soil moisture.• Maximum g L was particularly high in F. excelsior, C. betulus and T. cordata and revealed a higher D sensitivity. Ψ pd remained constantly high in A. pseudoplatanus, C. betulus and F. excelsior, but decreased in T. cordata and F. sylvatica with decreasing soil moisture.• J sd decreased linearly with decreasing soil matrix potential in all species except for F. excelsior. Apparent hydraulic conductance in the soil-to-leaf flow path (L c ) was higher in A. pseudoplatanus than in the other species.• F. sylvatica maintained a low maximum g L and reduced J sd markedly upon drought, but faced severe decreases in Ψ pd and Ψ noon . F. excelsior represents an opposite strategy with high maximum g L and stable Ψ pd .• The species drought sensitivity increases in the sequence F. excelsior < C. betulus < T. cordata < A. pseudoplatanus < F. sylvatica. • J sd a diminué linéairement avec le potentiel matriciel du sol pour toutes les espèces excepté F. excelsior. La conductivité hydraulique apparente du trajet sol-feuille (L c ) était plus élevée chez A. pseudoplatanus que dans les autres espèces. Mots-clés• F. sylvatica a maintenu une faible g L maximum et a réduit sensiblement J sd face à la sécheresse, mais a connu de graves diminutions de Ψ pd et Ψ noon . F. excelsior présentait une stratégie opposée avec une g L maximum élevée et un Ψ pd stable.• La sensibilité des espèces à la sécheresse augmente selon la séquence F. excelsior < C. betulus < T. cordata < A. pseudoplatanus < F. sylvatica.

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Section: Species Differences In Leaf Conductance and Leaf Water Potenmentioning

confidence: 78%

Leaf water status and stem xylem flux in relation to soil drought in five temperate broad-leaved tree species with contrasting water use strategies

et al. 2009

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“…Reduced lumen of vessels in wood of oaks from the declining group, subjected to different types of unfavourable factors, may contribute to control of water transport and to reduction in vulnerability to cavitation and embolism. It is known that the large earlywood vessels contribute to the greater part of water flow throughout the shoot/trunk, but due to their large lumen diameter, these vessels are vulnerable to embolization (Cochard et al 1997). Due to the fact that the plants function at constant risk with regard to hydraulic conductance (Carlquist 1988;Hacke et al 2006), the transport of water is a matter of compromises between safety and efficiency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Earlywood vessels are mainly responsible for the transport of water in trees, which is assumed to take place in the outermost tree ring only (type of ringporous wood, Fonti et al 2009). The transport efficiency depends on the size of vessels' lumen (Cochard andTyree 1990, Sperry andSullivan 1992) because according to the Hagen-Poiseuille formula, water conductivity is proportional to the fourth power of the tracheary element diameter (Tyree and Zimmermann 2002;McElrone et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The anatomical traits of trunk wood and their relevance to oak (Quercus robur L.) vitality

Tulik

2014

Eur J Forest Res

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Oaks' decline in vitality is attributed to a complex process that involves interactions of several factors leading to increased trees' mortality. This study investigates the structure of trunk wood of oaks with reference to its physiological role in hydraulic conductivity. On the basis of the crown condition, the oaks were classified into three health groups: healthy trees, declining trees and dead trees. Anatomical traits of wood, such as annual ring width, vessel density, vessel diameter of earlywood and theoretical hydraulic conductivity, were measured and calculated. The narrowest annual rings formed by the cambium were observed in dead oaks. These trees were also characterized by the smallest diameter of earlywood vessels, not only in the period of occurrence of dieback symptoms, but also during their whole life. It is suggested that the formation of narrow annual rings and earlywood vessels of small diameter increases susceptibility of a tree to decay. A reduced vessel diameter implies changes in hydraulic conductivity of oak trunks and thus impairs the water transport, which affects the health of trees. The process of oak decline is considered to have characteristics of natural selection and leads to the elimination of the weakest trees.

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“…This result occurred because the leaf is a zone with high hydraulic resistances that limit water transfer. Indeed, in a branch most of the hydraulic resistance to the sap pathway is extra-vascular and located in the leaf blades [6,7,29,30] and petioles presented a strong constriction to water flow [16]. This hydraulic characteristic limits cavitation events to peripheral parts of the trees during water stress if the peripheral parts are vulnerable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) branches show acclimation of xylem anatomy and hydraulic properties to increased light after thinning

2002

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-Hydraulic acclimation of Fagus sylvatica L. was analysed in response to forest thinning. Several months after thinning, leaf and xylem water potential and stomatal conductance of thinned branches were compared to sun-exposed and shade branches. We characterised vulnerability to cavitation for branches taken from these three treatments. We compared effect of thinning on xylem anatomy (mean vessel diameter, vessel density). Thinned branches exhibited higher stomatal conductance and lower leaf water potential. These results were well correlated with vulnerability to cavitation. Thinned branches were less vulnerable than shade branches and mean vessel diameter and vessel density increased in thinned branches. These differences showed a partial hydraulic acclimation to climate changes. We confirmed that vulnerability to cavitation and xylem anatomy in Fagus sylvatica acclimate to changing light conditions, and we concluded that hydraulic architecture acclimates sufficiently fast after environmental changes to protect xylem from dysfunction while maintaining open stomata.

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Developmental control of xylem hydraulic resistances and vulnerability to embolism in Fraxinus excelsior L.: impacts on water relations

Cited by 96 publications

References 33 publications

Leaf water status and stem xylem flux in relation to soil drought in five temperate broad-leaved tree species with contrasting water use strategies

Leaf water status and stem xylem flux in relation to soil drought in five temperate broad-leaved tree species with contrasting water use strategies

The anatomical traits of trunk wood and their relevance to oak (Quercus robur L.) vitality

Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) branches show acclimation of xylem anatomy and hydraulic properties to increased light after thinning

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