Developmental patterns of somatostatin-receptors and somatostatin-immunoreactivity during early neurogenesis in the rat

Maubert, Eric; Slama, A.; Ciofi, Philippe; Viollet, Cécile; Tramu, G.; Dupouy, Jean‐Paul; Epelbaum, Jacques

doi:10.1016/0306-4522(94)90335-2

Cited by 41 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In the type 2 mode, low levels are found under normal conditions, but peptide expression is up-regulated following appropriate stimuli, e.g., VIP, galanin, or NPY in primary sensory neurons (Hökfelt et al 1994;Ma and Bisby 1998;Verge et al 1995). In the type 3 mode, peptides are expressed transiently during development, such as in the case of somatostatin in central neurons (Fitzpatrick-McElligott et al 1991;Maubert et al 1994;Yew and Chan 1999), galanin in sensory neurons (Hökfelt et al 1994;Wynick et al 1998), CGRP in motorneurons (Gibson andClowry 1999;Johnson et al 1992;Monks et al 1999), SP in the embryonic spinal cord (Charlton and Helke 1986;Delander et al 1997;Ribeiro-Da-Silva and Hökfelt 2000;Yamashita et al 1990), and secretin in neurons of the raphe nuclei (Lossi et al 2004;Fig. 1c,d).…”

Section: Distribution Of Neuropeptides In Cnsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Neuropeptides as synaptic transmitters

Salio¹,

Lossi²,

Ferrini³

et al. 2006

Cell Tissue Res

158

154

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Neuropeptides are small protein molecules (composed of 3-100 amino-acid residues) that have been localized to discrete cell populations of central and peripheral neurons. In most instances, they coexist with low-molecular-weight neurotransmitters within the same neurons. At the subcellular level, neuropeptides are selectively stored, singularly or more frequently in combinations, within large granular vesicles. Release occurs through mechanisms different from classical calcium-dependent exocytosis at the synaptic cleft, and thus they account for slow synaptic and/or non-synaptic communication in neurons. Neuropeptide co-storage and coexistence can be observed throughout the central nervous system and are responsible for a series of functional interactions that occur at both pre- and post-synaptic levels. Thus, the subcellular site(s) of storage and sorting mechanisms into different neuronal compartments are crucial to the mode of release and the function of neuropeptides as neuronal messengers.

show abstract

Section: Distribution Of Neuropeptides In Cnsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Neuropeptides as synaptic transmitters

Salio¹,

Lossi²,

Ferrini³

et al. 2006

Cell Tissue Res

158

154

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Furthermore, a recent study revealed temporally and spatially regulated expression patterns of SSTR2 and SSTR4 during embryonic development of the brain. These results suggest that somatostatin signalling plays a fundamental role during neurogenesis in vertebrates (Maubert et al, 1994). However, the molecular mechanisms controlling SSTR2 gene transcription in neural cells are unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The helix-loop-helix transcription factor SEF-2 regulates the activity of a novel initiator element in the promoter of the human somatostatin receptor II gene.

et al. 1996

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effects of somatostatin hormones are mediated by a family of five different seven‐helix transmembrane spanning receptors (SSTR1–5). The expression of the five different SSTR subtypes displays a complex temporal‐ and tissue‐specific pattern. To investigate the molecular mechanisms controlling the different expression patterns of the SSTRs, we cloned the 5′‐flanking region of the human SSTR2 gene. Characterization of the SSTR2 promoter resulted in the identification of a novel initiator element (SSTR2inr). Transcriptional activity of the SSTR2inr is dependent on the presence of a binding site (E‐box) for basic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH) transcription factors. By screening a mouse brain cDNA expression library we isolated a cDNA coding for the bHLH transcription factor SEF‐2. SEF‐2 binds to the E‐box present in the SSTR2inr, both in vitro and in vivo and activates transcription from the SSTR2inr. A single point mutation within the E‐box eliminates binding of SEF‐2 and results in a complete loss of transcriptional activity of the SSTR2inr. Furthermore, DNA binding studies demonstrate that the basal transcription factor TFIIB can be tethered to the SSTR2inr through physical interaction with SEF‐2. In summary, the SSTR2inr represents a novel type of initiator element that confers gene expression in the absence of a TATA‐box or binding sites for other known initiator factors, like YY‐1 or USF.

show abstract

“…This could be mediated by the sst2 receptor type since sst2 receptor mRNA [20]–[22] and binding sites [23]–[28] are predominant in the developing rat and human brain. In addition, the sst2 receptor gene has recently been demonstrated to be in the top 40 genes (out of 20 000) up-regulated during neuronal development [29], suggesting a specific role for this receptor during this period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Somatostatin 2A Receptor Is Enriched in Migrating Neurons during Rat and Human Brain Development and Stimulates Migration and Axonal Outgrowth

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The neuropeptide somatostatin has been suggested to play an important role during neuronal development in addition to its established modulatory impact on neuroendocrine, motor and cognitive functions in adults. Although six somatostatin G protein-coupled receptors have been discovered, little is known about their distribution and function in the developing mammalian brain. In this study, we have first characterized the developmental expression of the somatostatin receptor sst2A, the subtype found most prominently in the adult rat and human nervous system. In the rat, the sst2A receptor expression appears as early as E12 and is restricted to post-mitotic neuronal populations leaving the ventricular zone. From E12 on, migrating neuronal populations immunopositive for the receptor were observed in numerous developing regions including the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and ganglionic eminences. Intense but transient immunoreactive signals were detected in the deep part of the external granular layer of the cerebellum, the rostral migratory stream and in tyrosine hydroxylase- and serotonin- positive neurons and axons. Activation of the sst2A receptor in vitro in rat cerebellar microexplants and primary hippocampal neurons revealed stimulatory effects on neuronal migration and axonal growth, respectively. In the human cortex, receptor immunoreactivity was located in the preplate at early development stages (8 gestational weeks) and was enriched to the outer part of the germinal zone at later stages. In the cerebellum, the deep part of the external granular layer was strongly immunoreactive at 19 gestational weeks, similar to the finding in rodents. In addition, migrating granule cells in the internal granular layer were also receptor-positive. Together, theses results strongly suggest that the somatostatin sst2A receptor participates in the development and maturation of specific neuronal populations during rat and human brain ontogenesis.

show abstract

Developmental patterns of somatostatin-receptors and somatostatin-immunoreactivity during early neurogenesis in the rat

Cited by 41 publications

References 41 publications

Neuropeptides as synaptic transmitters

Neuropeptides as synaptic transmitters

The helix-loop-helix transcription factor SEF-2 regulates the activity of a novel initiator element in the promoter of the human somatostatin receptor II gene.

The Somatostatin 2A Receptor Is Enriched in Migrating Neurons during Rat and Human Brain Development and Stimulates Migration and Axonal Outgrowth

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About