Developments of CO2-emissions and costs for small electric and combustion engine vehicles in Germany

Bickert, Stefan; Kampker, Achim; Greger, Dennis

doi:10.1016/j.trd.2015.02.004

Cited by 49 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Generally, the policymakers emphasize reducing CO 2 emissions in the transport sector [23]. In a study conducted in Germany, different scenarios for electricity production were analyzed, and it was found that E4Ws incur only 30%-50% external environmental cost when compared to an ICEV engine vehicle [36]. A study performed by Orsi and coworkers [12] considered the well-to-wheel CO 2 emissions in carbon-intensive electricity mix for different countries.…”

Section: Reduction In Ghg Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects of Electric Vehicles in the Developing Countries: A Literature Review

2020

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Electric mobility offers a low cost of travel along with energy and harmful emissions savings. Nevertheless, a comprehensive literature review is missing for the prospects of electric vehicles in developing countries. Such an overview would be instrumental for policymakers to understand the barriers and opportunities related to different types of electric vehicles (EVs). Considering the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic review was performed of the electronic databases Google Scholar and Web of Science for the years 2010-2020. The electric four-wheelers, hybrid electric vehicles and electric two-wheeler constituted the electric vehicles searched in the databases. Initially, 35 studies identified in the Web of Science that matched the criteria were studied. Later, 105 other relevant reports and articles related to barriers and opportunities were found by using Google Scholar and studied. Results reveal that electric four-wheelers are not a feasible option in developing countries due to their high purchase price. On the contrary, electric two-wheelers may be beneficial as they come with a lower purchase price.

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Section: Reduction In Ghg Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects of Electric Vehicles in the Developing Countries: A Literature Review

2020

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“…The main difference of EVs over conventional vehicles is the fact that they utilise electricity rather than traditional fossil fuels. EVs do not cause any direct CO 2 emission during operation [32], reduce the substantial, long-term increasing fuel costs as well as radiated noise [33] but their high private costs, despite the fact that their owners do not need to pay carbon-related taxes, might hinder their market development [34]. EVs, although still at a relatively early phase of commercial development, vary significantly both in size and technology used.…”

Section: Electromobilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

How Can Autonomous and Connected Vehicles, Electromobility, BRT, Hyperloop, Shared Use Mobility and Mobility-As-A-Service Shape Transport Futures for the Context of Smart Cities?

et al. 2017

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Abstract:A smarter transport system that caters for social, economic and environmental sustainability is arguably one of the most critical prerequisites for creating pathways to more livable urban futures. This paper aims to provide a state-of-the-art analysis of a selection of mobility initiatives that may dictate the future of urban transportation and make cities smarter. These are mechanisms either recently introduced with encouraging uptake so far and much greater potential to contribute in a shift to a better transport paradigm or still in an embryonic stage of their development and yet to be embraced as powerful mechanisms that could change travel behaviour norms. Autonomous and connected vehicles are set to revolutionise the urban landscape by allowing machines to take over driving that for over a century has been exclusively a human activity, while electrical vehicles are already helping decarbonising the transport sector. Bus rapid transit has been steadily reinventing and rebranding conventional bus services revitalising the use of the humblest form of public transport, while hyperloop is an entirely new, disruptive, and somewhat provocative, travel mode proposition based on the use of sealed tube systems through which pods could travel free of air resistance with speeds exceeding 1000 km/h. Shared use mobility mechanisms like car-sharing, ride-sharing, ride-sourcing and public bicycles can help establishing a culture for using mobility resources on an as-needed basis, while mobility-as-a-service will take this sharing culture a step further, offering tailored mobility and trip planning packages that could entirely replace the need for privately owned modes of transport.

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“…This factor varies depending on the country and year [19]. The lowest value of the emission factor of electricity production is recorded when electricity is produced in hydroelectric power plants and wind power plants [20]. According to this source, the emission factor of electricity production is 2.5 times higher when electricity is made using biomass, and 6.5 times higher in nuclear power plants.…”

Section: The Co 2 Emission During the Life Cycle Of Carmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By the implementation expressions (2)- (6) and (13)-(16) into eq. (17) is obtained an analytical expression for calculating optimal car's kilometers driven during a lifetime of FFC: ∑ ∑ (20) The exppressions (18) and (20) are simple for practical use and have practical significance. Numerical values required for the practical application of the exppressions (18) and (20) can be found in references [13,[28][29][30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Optimal Lifetime and Optimal Car's Kilometers Driven During mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric cars: Are they solution to reduce CO2 emission?

et al. 2020

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Reducing CO 2 emission is one of the major environmental challenges for transportation. One way to solve this problem is to replace old cars that use fossil fuels (petrol, diesel) with new electric cars. In this paper, the existing model for calculating well-to-wheels CO 2 emission during the life cycle of the car (fossil fuel car and electric car) is upgraded. The developed model is used for comparing optimal lifetime and optimal car's kilometers driven during a lifetime in the replacement process of a fossil fuel car with a new electric car. We find that reducing CO 2 emission depends on the type of fossil fuel, and the weight of fossil fuel cars and electric cars. Changing petrol fossil fuel cars with lower weight electric cars have the greatest potential for reducing CO 2 emission. However, the introduction of electric cars does not achieve a significant reduction of CO 2 emission in countries where electricity is primarily produced in thermal power plants, i. e. in countries with a high emission factor of electricity production.

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Developments of CO2-emissions and costs for small electric and combustion engine vehicles in Germany

Cited by 49 publications

References 17 publications

Prospects of Electric Vehicles in the Developing Countries: A Literature Review

Prospects of Electric Vehicles in the Developing Countries: A Literature Review

How Can Autonomous and Connected Vehicles, Electromobility, BRT, Hyperloop, Shared Use Mobility and Mobility-As-A-Service Shape Transport Futures for the Context of Smart Cities?

Electric cars: Are they solution to reduce CO2 emission?

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