Diabetes in Macaca nigra: Metabolic and histologic changes

Abstract

Summary. Expanded studies on the spontaneous diabetes mellitus in Macaca nigra provide additional support to analogies between this animal mode] and human diabetes. Abnormal signs include hyperglycemia, decreased clearance of glucose in intravenous tolerance tests, reduced insulin secretion and increased serum lipids (triglyceride, prebetalipoprotein and nonesterified fatty acids). Insulin secretory capacity is lost concomitant with amyloid infiltration into the islets of Langerhans; additional metabolic aberrations may also reduce insulin secretion or action. Secondary manifestations are atherosclerosis, thickened basement membranes of muscle capillaries, and cataracts. In all probability, a genetic predisposition in these monkeys is exacerbated by changes in diet and environment.

Old World Nonhuman Primate Models of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

“…Both in humans (Johnson et al 1992;O'Brien et al 1993) and in nonhuman primates (de Koning et al 1993;Howard 1974;O'Brien et al 1996;Wagner et al 1996b) with T2DM, the major effect on the pancreas is islet amyloidosis. Islet amyloid is found in about 90% of humans with T2DM; as with monkeys, the degree of islet mass replaced by amyloid appears to correlate with increasing insulin requirements (Kahn et al 1999).…”

Structural characteristics of the beta-sheet-like human and rat islet amyloid polypeptides as determined by scanning tunneling microscopy

“…Islet amyloid is related to type 2 diabetes mellitus in domestic cats (Johnson and Stevens, 1973), macaques (Howard, 1974;Sexton et al, 1999), and humans. The extent of islet amyloid deposition has been found to increase with clinical severity in human type 2 diabetes mellitus (Maloy et al, 1981;Verchere et al, 1996).…”

Effects of physical and chemical restraint on intravenous glucose tolerance test in crested black macaques (Macaca nigra)

“…The intravenous glucose tolerance test (IV-GTT) has been used as a major diagnostic tool [Howard, 1972;Howard, 1974;Howard et al, 19871. Physical or chemical restraints [Honjo et al, 1976;Rosenblum et al, 1976;Hamilton & Ciaccia, 1978;Tanaka et al, 19861 are usually necessary when conducting glucose-tolerance tests in nonhuman primates.…”