Diabetes-Related Distress Among People with Type 2 Diabetes in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: Prevalence and Associated Factors

Abstract

Background Diabetes-related distress (DRD) refers to the condition of negative emotion as a result of living with diabetes and the burden of self-care. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence and associated factors of DRD among people with type 2 diabetes. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out on people with Type 2 Diabetes at three hospitals in Ho Chi Minh City, between April and November 2020. The study used the Vietnamese version of the Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS) which includes 17 items. The mean total distress score was calculated on the average of the 17 items. A mean score of equal to 2.0 or higher was classified as moderate to severe distress. Descriptive statistics were performed by frequency and percentage, and the multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis was used to assess information where p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 517 participants, who were mainly over 60 years old (56.8%) with females being 65.0%, participated in the study. Results showed that 23.6% and 5.8% of them, respectively, were found as being moderately or highly distressed. Some factors that correlated with the total distress results included age, timescale of diabetes, and glycemic control level (HbA1c). The rate of total distress in those who were over 60 years old and had a HbA1c <7 were less prevalent than those who were under 60, and had a HbA1c ≥7 (OR 0.5 95% CI 0.3–0.7; OR 0.5 95% CI: 0.3–0.9, respectively, all p<0.05), whilst the timescale of diabetes between 5 and 10 years was significantly more prevalent than those who had a timescale less 5 years (OR 1.8 95% CI 1.1–2.9, p<0.05). Conclusion A high rate of distress exists in people with diabetes. Therefore, combining the evaluation of distress as part of the regular diagnostic procedures of diabetes care, and recommending physicians apply a comprehensive approach to diabetes management, is necessary.

Prevalence and predictors of diabetes distress among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a facility-based cross-sectional study of Bangladesh

“…Similar to Huynh et al, we observed no influence of gender on the risk of DD [ 24 ]. However, few studies have reported that women are at higher risk of DD [ 2 , 3 , 9 ].…”

“…Emotional burden (68.7%) and regimen-related distress (66%) were more important domains than interpersonal distress (37.7%) and physician-related distress (28.6%) in measuring DD. Similar observations were found in another context [ 9 , 22 , 24 ].…”

“…Tertiary care services are only available in larger cities of Bangladesh; residing in remote rural areas may result in the feeling of deprivation of adequate support from healthcare systems, which may potentiate distress. Another factor that potentiates DD was the duration of disease, and participants with DM for > 10 years had a lower risk of DD than those with DM for 1–5 years [ 3 , 24 ]. As the disease progresses, there is improvement in adjusting to the disease, learning disease management skills, and increasing patients’ awareness of the disease.…”

An Empirical Study on Diabetes Depression over Distress Evaluation Using Diagnosis Statistical Manual and Chi-Square Method

“…Diabetic depression is also related to genetic (family background history) and social factors to diabetes distress, which present the burden of disease and its treatment [16,17]. Recent studies have found that most diabetic patients with elevated depression are not clinically ill but suffer from diabetes-related distress [9,10,18,19].…”

Factors Associated with Diabetes-Related Distress in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

“…7 Female gender and depression were the only factors identified in the meta-analysis of Perrin et al as being associated with DRD, but a plethora of other factors emerged from the literature such as age, body mass index (BMI), glycemic control, duration of diabetes, lifestyle habits, treatment regimens, level of education etc. 7,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16] DRD has important health-related consequences such as worse glycemic outcomes, poorer medication adherence and diabetes self-care, and poorer quality of life. 5,17 A recent study reported that in patients with T2DM, depressive symptoms were associated with lower self-management behavior and higher glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), while DRD was associated with higher HbA1c, suggesting that patients with both depression and DRD might have worse outcomes.…”